发愤杀鱼

2006年9月9日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

《南方周末》（20060907）载姜鸣《簪花多在少年头——访李鸿章故乡合肥磨店》，云：
野史中说，李家从前养过一缸漂亮的金鱼。某日，李文安与家人闲聊时谈到，今年金鱼产子多，家中孩子和馆中学生进学考取秀才的也应该多，并扳着指头数，某人可以进学，大儿子瀚章也可以进学。孰料第二天一缸金鱼全部死光。查下来，竟是老二鸿章干的。文安问他，为什么要弄死一缸鱼？鸿章答：这么多人可以进学，惟独我不能进，此鱼不可留。文安摇头叹道，你才11岁，怎么进学？这个故事，反映了少年鸿章孤傲性格和毒辣手段，用合肥话说，他从小就是个“狠人”。古往今来，成就事业的人物大抵都有这种霸气。
按。“野史”云云，未言出处。而读王闿运《湘绮楼日记》，可知少年左宗棠也杀过金鱼，光绪四年五月十五日记：
袁予翁言，左季高父养金鱼一缸，以子多少为门徒盛衰。一岁子多，其父数及门某当入学，不及季高。左年九岁，甚愠，乘隙尽杀缸中鱼。父诘之，对以情。
李、左之父都当过塾师，故以金鱼产子多少为门生进学之兆，容或有之。但姜文说“文安摇头叹道，你才11岁，怎么进学”，不对。
清代科举，凡未取得县、府学生员资格者，皆称童生；童生虽有“童”字，但自六、七岁至六、七十岁，都可以童生称之，惟十五岁以下称“幼童”，算是名副其实之“童”。童生参加县、府、院试合格，取得生员资格（生员，即俗称秀才者），称“入学”或“进学”。鸿章虽只十一岁，然五年前即已“发蒙”，开始读书作文，只要考试通过，就能“进学”，并无年纪太小“怎么进学”的限制。
其父视金鱼产子多少，言及儿子门人能否“进学”，只是一个“口彩”。少年左、李因其父之言而发愤杀鱼，并不是怨怪老爸说自己年纪小，而是怪老爸不讲“口彩”，说话不中听。
由此，可知王氏日记所载左宗棠逸事，情理可信。而姜文引述李鸿章事，一则没有出处，二则解读错误，恐不可信。

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