废弃的专栏文章
本拟用专栏的方式依照时序讲一遍近代史。后修正为以人物为主干。写了几篇开头,贴出来大家批判一下。
太平无事
1911年,宣统退位,清朝灭亡,直接原因是辛亥革命。辛亥年之所以有革命,多少要归功于十一年前的义和团暴动,暴动激成八国联军进京,加快中外接轨的速度,为革命创造了条件。而义和团暴动之所以发生,则有赖于前数十年间的鸦片战争和太平天国起义,为之提供了极端民族主义和腐朽官僚政治这两份催化剂。而看似突如其来的外患(鸦片战争)内忧(太平天国),则在乾隆朝以后便已萌芽。道光皇帝旻宁生逢其盛,两件大事都赶上了。
旻宁熬到四十岁才当上皇帝,这就预示着此后三十年的政坛将具有老成持重、讳言变革的执政风格,如龚自珍诗所谓:万马齐喑究可哀。将这种执政风格加以量化和制度化的功臣,则是军机大臣曹振镛曹文正公。今日不赘述文正公在军国大政方面的举措,只讲一条他在书法上的指导性意见。
如果说天下太平是治国的最高境界,那么,这种境界的表征就是太平无事。果若无事,反映在臣子们的奏摺中,便是报报流水账,说一说套话。经过十馀年的努力工作,旻宁自信天下差不多太平了,可是,每日奏摺汇总,却都是长篇累牍,报告这事那事,批阅起来,不胜其繁冗。看来,不是天下不太平,而是大臣太RAP。怎么办呢?曹文正公出了个主意:
承平以久,天下本无事。但是,一些人就是喜欢危言耸听,以博取时誉。您若遽然怪罪,不免要蒙上拒谏的恶名。但篇篇都看,实在又费时费力不讨好。我说哪,皇上今后看摺子,压根别看他内容如何,专拣那字体来看。凡字体不是馆阁正体,学这个碑那个帖的,统统给他拈出来批评;要还有笔画错误、重字漏字的,就给他罚俸降职。他们若见皇上对字体纰漏这种细节都严格要求,今后自然就出言慎重,不敢造次了。
主意不错。旻宁依计而行,逮着几个点背的重重处罚。杀鸡儆猴,立竿见影,此后章奏便“语多吉祥,凶灾不敢入告”了。通过奏摺看国势,俨然一副太平无事的气象,道光帝和文正公不由得相视而笑。
于是,在君臣愉快的笑声中,英国军舰“有事”于东南,洪秀全在南方小镇创立了上帝教。大清国,出事了。
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