写在状纸边上·二虎的面子

2008年3月30日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

《投名状》惟一女角,名唤莲生,自谓出身“扬州瘦马”。按,“瘦马”即雏妓,典出白居易诗“莫养瘦马驹,莫教小妓女”;而在清代,扬州为风月胜地,以此,称“扬州瘦马”,可显出虽是妓女身份,档次却不同流俗。“瘦马”养成,有出外谋生计者,称为“扬帮”(合苏、沪等地,则称“南帮”),所去的地方以通都大邑为多,如首都,如武昌,如广州。然自湘军战胜太平天囯,原本僻处内陆的湖南托了回乡将士的福,省会长沙的经济尤其是饮食娱乐业大为发展,标志性事件除了“无宴不海菜”(谓鲍鱼、燕窝之类)之外,便是城中妓馆自扬州、苏州引进人力资源,狠狠赶了一回“时尚”。即此可见“扬州瘦马”的崇高地位。只可惜剧中人的妆饰、表演,阨于导演的规划,太过憨朴,适如王韬论“北帮”(指清末京、津一带的妓女)所说:“实事求是,悃愊无华”(《燕台评春录》)——译作当时行话,则是“床笫外无技能,偎抱外无酬酢”(《清稗类钞》)也。遂致南北倒置,“歪曲”了历史,可叹。
又据金天羽、张相文为张文祥作的传记(分见《天放楼续文言》、《南园丛稿》),并未明指曹二虎之妻出身妓籍。按,张文祥是历史人物,对应的剧中人是姜午阳;他与曹二虎、马新贻(即庞青雲)结拜兄弟,排行老三。当然,曹妻与庞青雲通奸的剧情,则未歪曲“历史”——也有一些记载说文祥“刺马”并非为兄弟报仇,而另有原因。只是,传记所载通奸的经过与电影不同。今谨综合金、张的记述,对这桩风化事件作一个说明。
当新贻落难之时,并没机会见到虎嫂。虎嫂初见新贻,实在新贻成功策反二虎、文祥之後。其时,新贻任安徽布政使,已解散了山字营,二虎随他赴任,并将家眷接到省城,暂时寄居新贻的官署。据云:“新贻官既贵,渐耻与贼相伯仲”;也就是说,人一阔,脸就变。文祥敏感,发见马哥情意转淡,即欲离去,并劝二虎一块儿走。二虎迟钝,犹疑不决。文祥不忍抛下这个傻兄弟,只好留下与他一起耗着。怎奈新贻对兄弟的情意淡,对兄弟老婆的情意很浓,于是,“迫(虎妻)而私之”,且时不时借着公务令二虎出差,以便与虎妻通奸,“俨然同媵妾矣”。日久天长,奸情为文祥发觉,他尚未如剧中那么鲁莽,径直杀了嫂子,而是向二虎举报。二虎初闻犹不信,待到跟踪了几回,才认领这顶绿帽,然又胆小,不敢直斥新贻不讲义气,只能独个儿生闷气。文祥开导他,说,别郁闷了,这还算是你老婆么?既然奸夫淫妇情投意合,“不如弃之”,咱哥俩早日离开这个是非之地,走为上罢。二虎同意了,但不知哪根筋不对,却“迁延不即行”。孰知本夫能忍,奸夫却不能忍,一日,新贻借口二虎通匪,将他“就地正法”,旋将虎妻收为姨太太。文祥听得兄弟惨死,偷偷将他葬了,“痛哭别去”,自此,隐姓埋名,“锻精铁为匕首,日夜砺之,淬以药,誓必剚刃新贻”。终于同治九年七月二十六日,在南京将已升任两江总督的新贻刺死。此後,虎妻在马公馆自杀,其家秘不发丧,将尸体埋在後花园。
此与剧中午阳先杀莲生、二虎至死不知老婆偷人,大有出入。然清代官书记叙新贻之死,并未言及新贻勾引人妻,只说文祥在浙江交通海盗,因新贻主持捕盗,弄的他家破妻逃,“以是挟仇”,遂“丧心病狂”刺杀总督(《清史稿》)。电影与官书,在这一点上,倒是异曲同工,照顾了二虎的面子。泉下有知,二虎或应讲一句,谢谢包涵。

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