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清廷首次与藏地接触，犹在清太宗皇太极当政的时候，其时，明代统治尚未结束，满洲人正在等待入主中原最合适的时机。而太宗首次给藏地领袖写信，学界通常定为崇德四年（1639）——如迄今为止叙述此事最为详确的邓锐龄撰《清初第五辈达赖喇嘛进京及受封经过》（1996年），就采用这个说法——然据《清初五世达赖喇嘛档案史料选编》（2000年）所译蒙文老档，可知太宗首次致书土伯特汗（清初称藏地为土伯特）实在崇德二年十一月十五日。当时土伯特汗为信奉噶玛噶举派的第悉藏巴，他与格鲁派宗主第五世达赖喇嘛阿旺罗桑嘉措的关系势同水火。崇德七年，达赖喇嘛联络厄鲁特蒙古和硕特部，引军入藏，擒杀第悉藏巴，自此结束了噶玛噶举派近三百年的统治，藏地由格鲁派掌控。太宗为何致书第悉藏巴？因为，此前蒙古诸部连函吁请“迎聘”达赖喇嘛至盛京（今沈阳市），本着“自古历代皇帝创业，佛法未尝断绝”之意，太宗同意邀请，遂有此书。
而蒙古诸部在此时向盟友满洲“大汗”请求迎聘达赖喇嘛，有三个原因。一，自十六世纪，蒙古人大都转奉格鲁派，即“达赖”二字（蒙语“大海”的音译），亦是1578年土默特蒙古俺答汗赠予哲蚌寺转世活佛索南嘉措的尊号，故索南嘉措虽为第三世达赖喇嘛，而第一、二世在生前实无“达赖”的尊称。蒙古向正在崛起的满洲部落推介自家的宗教偶像，是很自然的事。二，其时蒙古正与格鲁派僧侣集团密谋推翻第悉藏巴，将来藏地领袖必有达赖喇嘛的地位，让他早日与清廷接触，可以增进了解。三，喀尔喀蒙古与清廷关系不太融洽，其部领袖与达赖喇嘛私交甚笃，故喀尔喀希望通过达赖喇嘛与清帝晤面，从中说合，改善关系。
自清廷而言，于藏地形势虽未了然，对当时统治者第悉藏巴与达赖喇嘛不合却有耳闻，因此，尽管在原则上同意蒙古诸部迎聘达赖喇嘛，却不能无视第悉藏巴信奉噶举派的事实。于是，太宗仅写信给第悉藏巴，表示尊重佛法、延请高僧之意，而未言及到底邀请哪一派哪一位高僧，亦未专门向达赖喇嘛发送邀请函。直到顺治五年（1648）五月二十日，太宗逝世以後，方由世祖福临致书，“敦请高僧喇嘛来京”。此为“清代自皇太极以来给达赖喇嘛的第一封也是唯一一封邀请信”（李保文撰《顺治皇帝邀请第五世达赖喇嘛考》）。
清廷与藏地政、教领袖首次接触的时日，即如上述。而达赖喇嘛应邀赴京在顺治六年正月，据其自传：“为了不违背皇帝的圣旨，我答应赴京。中原地域辽阔，我担心会染上天花和热病，上书具奏不能久留的原因”，并将启程时间订在“辰年”（即顺治九年）。世祖复书云：“万能金刚达赖喇嘛座前：朕体康安，万能金刚达赖喇嘛尔康安否？得喇嘛上表，言辰年夏进京，甚为喜悦”。达赖喇嘛担心在中原感染“天花和热病”，应属实情。不仅藏人对此抱有普遍的忧虑，满洲人也有同感，亲身见证此次历史性会面的德国传教士汤若望就说过：“如同一切满洲人一般，顺治对于痘症有一种极大的恐惧，因为这病在成人差不多也总是要伤命的”。世祖之“皇父摄政王”多尔衮曾在南苑（即南海子）修筑避痘处所，最终“战痘”失败，染疾亡身。世祖亲政後，亦不在紫禁城长驻而常在南苑避痘，至与达赖喇嘛首次见面，地点也定在南苑。
但是，宾主双方在避染痘症上取得共识，并不意味没有其他原因影响此次会面，甚而不见诸公文的原因才是真实原因。二人年纪有差（会面时，达赖喇嘛三十六岁，世祖十六岁），但皆为政治史所谓伟人者，一旦相遇于揖让进退俱关大局之际，传染病再厉害，亦不得不暂时抛低。苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之；既得利益者林则徐能讲这句话，最终利益者能不领会、实践这句话？
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