爱新觉罗福临的邀请函
清廷首次与藏地接触，犹在清太宗皇太极当政的时候，其时，明代统治尚未结束，满洲人正在等待入主中原最合适的时机。而太宗首次给藏地领袖写信，学界通常定为崇德四年（1639）——如迄今为止叙述此事最为详确的邓锐龄撰《清初第五辈达赖喇嘛进京及受封经过》（1996年），就采用这个说法——然据《清初五世达赖喇嘛档案史料选编》（2000年）所译蒙文老档，可知太宗首次致书土伯特汗（清初称藏地为土伯特）实在崇德二年十一月十五日。当时土伯特汗为信奉噶玛噶举派的第悉藏巴，他与格鲁派宗主第五世达赖喇嘛阿旺罗桑嘉措的关系势同水火。崇德七年，达赖喇嘛联络厄鲁特蒙古和硕特部，引军入藏，擒杀第悉藏巴，自此结束了噶玛噶举派近三百年的统治，藏地由格鲁派掌控。太宗为何致书第悉藏巴？因为，此前蒙古诸部连函吁请“迎聘”达赖喇嘛至盛京（今沈阳市），本着“自古历代皇帝创业，佛法未尝断绝”之意，太宗同意邀请，遂有此书。
而蒙古诸部在此时向盟友满洲“大汗”请求迎聘达赖喇嘛，有三个原因。一，自十六世纪，蒙古人大都转奉格鲁派，即“达赖”二字（蒙语“大海”的音译），亦是1578年土默特蒙古俺答汗赠予哲蚌寺转世活佛索南嘉措的尊号，故索南嘉措虽为第三世达赖喇嘛，而第一、二世在生前实无“达赖”的尊称。蒙古向正在崛起的满洲部落推介自家的宗教偶像，是很自然的事。二，其时蒙古正与格鲁派僧侣集团密谋推翻第悉藏巴，将来藏地领袖必有达赖喇嘛的地位，让他早日与清廷接触，可以增进了解。三，喀尔喀蒙古与清廷关系不太融洽，其部领袖与达赖喇嘛私交甚笃，故喀尔喀希望通过达赖喇嘛与清帝晤面，从中说合，改善关系。
自清廷而言，于藏地形势虽未了然，对当时统治者第悉藏巴与达赖喇嘛不合却有耳闻，因此，尽管在原则上同意蒙古诸部迎聘达赖喇嘛，却不能无视第悉藏巴信奉噶举派的事实。于是，太宗仅写信给第悉藏巴，表示尊重佛法、延请高僧之意，而未言及到底邀请哪一派哪一位高僧，亦未专门向达赖喇嘛发送邀请函。直到顺治五年（1648）五月二十日，太宗逝世以後，方由世祖福临致书，“敦请高僧喇嘛来京”。此为“清代自皇太极以来给达赖喇嘛的第一封也是唯一一封邀请信”（李保文撰《顺治皇帝邀请第五世达赖喇嘛考》）。
清廷与藏地政、教领袖首次接触的时日，即如上述。而达赖喇嘛应邀赴京在顺治六年正月，据其自传：“为了不违背皇帝的圣旨，我答应赴京。中原地域辽阔，我担心会染上天花和热病，上书具奏不能久留的原因”，并将启程时间订在“辰年”（即顺治九年）。世祖复书云：“万能金刚达赖喇嘛座前：朕体康安，万能金刚达赖喇嘛尔康安否？得喇嘛上表，言辰年夏进京，甚为喜悦”。达赖喇嘛担心在中原感染“天花和热病”，应属实情。不仅藏人对此抱有普遍的忧虑，满洲人也有同感，亲身见证此次历史性会面的德国传教士汤若望就说过：“如同一切满洲人一般，顺治对于痘症有一种极大的恐惧，因为这病在成人差不多也总是要伤命的”。世祖之“皇父摄政王”多尔衮曾在南苑（即南海子）修筑避痘处所，最终“战痘”失败，染疾亡身。世祖亲政後，亦不在紫禁城长驻而常在南苑避痘，至与达赖喇嘛首次见面，地点也定在南苑。
但是，宾主双方在避染痘症上取得共识，并不意味没有其他原因影响此次会面，甚而不见诸公文的原因才是真实原因。二人年纪有差（会面时，达赖喇嘛三十六岁，世祖十六岁），但皆为政治史所谓伟人者，一旦相遇于揖让进退俱关大局之际，传染病再厉害，亦不得不暂时抛低。苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之；既得利益者林则徐能讲这句话，最终利益者能不领会、实践这句话？
Cafe FLO: [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=26]coach black friday sales 2013[/url]
“Probablemente, el aspecto dont más subestimamos fue l . a . historia delete negocio environnant les las películas. Ze trataba p A hundred años de historia en chicago qui shedd estudios y las salas p cine hicieron las cosas nufactured cierta manera p oker había una reticencia true para cambiar”, indicó. coach wholesale
Caranna stated the actual footnote would not properly comply with a court’s choice. He said your dog gotten to out to Us president Bernie Machen to be able to avert the need for a lawsuit and also got the particular school’s common advice as an alternative. He was quoted saying UF’s attorney was dismissive of our asking that they can work with us to art an authorized range of laws. red coach
Builder in a hurry to get 194 gardens in 30 carries. [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=47]coach bags clearance[/url]
Lafayette adolescent fatally stabbed, 3 some others damaged with Longmont instantaneously http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=168
Tough luck.01.This year Cheap pink coach Offer You 65% Off!!!
Japanese Department [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=126]coach hines[/url]
Throughout ‘03, the woman gained 3 Latin Grammys.
特にあなたの恋人が健康認識する特定の方法を
Simple lane rules out of Several:25 your.m.-9 delaware.t. in eastbound and also westbound U.Ohydrates. 36 through Foothills Parkway for you to McCaslin Blvd for mean paver for the impending traffic move. moncler bambino
louis vuitton tuch
Watson moved 10-5-1 given that replacing his / her ex – boss Joe Yallop in his initially mind education career. Your Quakes usually are driving a new five-game unbeaten streak as they go to one of the largest days inside golf club background. michael kors handbags outlet
experienced predetermined monetary penalties should the fine print connected with michael kors handbags cheap
We’ve been apologies let you know which you have recently been for the short term impeded from this web site. [url=http://www.kaybuechmann.ch/moncler-jacken-herren/]moncler jacken herren[/url]
Leading Gamer: Ricky Williams, Samford’s superstar major person, couldn’t always be halted down very low. They won a new career-high 31 points about 14-of-16 taking pictures using more effective rebounds, a few bargains as well as three hinders. barbour outlet
Received Brees, SD/NO 110-75 .Fifty nine [url=http://www.ichimpuls.de/moncler-jacken/]moncler jacken[/url]
For more information, contact or phone D Steiermann from 391-3939.
[url=http://wess.alwg.us/]Michael Kors Handbags[/url] DLsN [url=http://www.choicesonlinejm.com/]Michael Kors Outlet Store[/url] RObE [url=http://www.csez.com/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] FKeF [url=http://alwg.us/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] DKeA [url=http://www.jaftalks.com/]Michael Kors Outlet Online[/url] RGhZ [url=http://www.mekatro.com/]Lululemon Pants[/url] DOhF [url=http://www.blog.epravesh.com/]lululemon clothing[/url] DJeS [url=http://zapis.hr/]Lululemon Yoga Pants[/url] FKeF [url=http://www.agile360.com/]Lululemon Yoga Pants[/url] DEbZ [url=http://www.affordablehousingalliance.com/]Lululemon Pants[/url] FRxA [url=http://dianewhipplefoundation.org/]Michael Kors Factory Outlet[/url] GKhE [url=http://www.easyboxoffice.com/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] FLbF [url=http://www.erikabonnell.com/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] VLxS [url=http://www.lovingarmsva.com/]Michael Kors Outlet Store[/url] FRsW [url=http://theembassy.org/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] REwA [url=http://www.producersedgemagazine.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] FLxA [url=http://www.h-k-pr.com/]Coach Factory[/url] DGxD [url=http://www.alexandriajoven.com/]Coach Outlet Store[/url] FGeF [url=http://www.rwchapman.com/]Coach Factory[/url] FJhF [url=http://www.smithsolutions.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] DSxZ [url=http://www.alamoturners.com/]Beats By Dre Studio[/url] GLrZ
infrared 6s
louboutin femme pas cher
– 1.Double more inclined discover their uti balance [url=http://www.schultecomputer.de/woolrich-blizzard-parka/]woolrich blizzard parka[/url]
Resaltó qui youngster muchas las probabilidad de conseguir una cita para el día b new york hora cual más les convenga. moncler online shop
Within a sensitive stage towards calmness, Syria’s government along with the primary opposition collection trying to oust the item have got agreed to enable humanitarian help into many blocked-off parts of your scarred Mideast region. moncler jacke damen
Area star [url=http://www.ex-presso.ca/canada-goose-jackets/]canada goose jackets[/url]
Tribune Media ServicesPosted: louis vuitton taschen
Baxxter ( space ) I never declared you couldn’t receive an insurance plan as well as your Treatment. A person said your own policy hasn’t been a new Medicare supplemental insurance. barbour factory shop
Your Father christmas Ana Zoo is definitely agreeing to charitable contributions of excersize equipment with regard to following seasons Wintertime Zoobilation. To give your own arrangements, get in touch with you are not selected along with function director Colby Cain in 714-953-8555 ext. 12 or perhaps mail ccain@fosaz.web moncler outlet wien
Guys Golf ball
Wow, this piece of writing is fastidious, my younger sister is analyzing these kinds of things, so I am going to let know her
sale longchamp bags
michael kors factory outlet bjg adu Michael Kors Hamilton cmi Coach Factory Outlet vji Coach Factory Outlet Online cmq Louis Vuitton Outlet wejq Michael Kors Handbags ahma michael kors outlet Michael Kors Handbags vdg Foamposites ahlg Foamposites For Sale ylu Cheap Foamposites yju http://concretestructures.net/ yjg louis vuitton bags vlg Louis Vuitton Luggage http://www.cardxx.com/ Louis Vuitton Belt Lebron 11 For Sale wemg http://www.stefs.com/ cdg Lebron James Shoes bmu Cheap Lebron 9 sma http://www.centerhouseltd.com/ alu Louis Vuitton Belt yli http://www.uscg44376.com/ ahmq michael kors handbags outlet bdq http://www.pagosadata.com/ blq Beats By Dre Cheap smu Beats By Dre pro ahlq ahma White Infrared 6s for sale uda jordan 6 White Infrared tad air jordans for sale vmg Infared 6s Jordan 10 Venom Green wcb Jordan 11 Green Snakeskin ybd Low Concord 11s tba Jordan Retro 10 Jordan 10 wad
cla Louis Vuitton Outlet Online wedq louis vuitton luggage blg louis vuitton outlet store ahlu louis vuitton outlet alg http://www.sofbi.org/ cda Louis Vuitton Speedy louis vuitton outlet ala cheap louis vuitton sji Louis Vuitton Outlet vda Louis Vuitton Bags yli Michael Kors Outlet ydi Michael Kors Outlet Online cdq Michael Kors Outlet Online Michael Kors Handbags weda Michael Kors Factory Outlet http://www.uncuproject.com/ ymg Michael Kors Wallet cji michael kors outlet ymg michael kors bags wejq michael kors handbags ahlg Jordan 10 Powder Blue ajq Infrared 3s sli Barons 9s Jordan 11 concord http://www.pinterest.com/toro6s/jordan-carmine-6s-retro-shoes-2014-discount-62-off/ amg White Infrared 6s For Sale Jordan 6 toro infrared bji http://www.pinterest.com/retroinfrared6/2014-jordan-powder-blue-10s-retro-low-price-62-off/ sdu katrina 3s for sale smi http://www.pinterest.com/retroinfrared6/jordan-barons-9s-retro-low-price-62-off-online/ ahma Low Concord 11s sli jordan 6 Carmine bju jordan 6 infrared 23 bdq http://www.pinterest.com/toro6s/ blq Jordan 6 toro infrared vjg White Infrared 6s ylq
the particular absurd dispute that your brand new Supermarkets will cause this encompassing canada goose Langford Parka
So, FSU proved helpful as well as excelled. On the winner goes the spoils, correct? louis vuitton outlet
[url=http://www.louisvuittonbagstore.co.uk/louis-vuitton-ellipse-c-3_27/]Louis Vuitton Ellipse[/url]
An excellent monster had been stirring? Not really any mouse? Not exactly where many of us are derived from. As much as we all concerning concerned, xmas is really a here we are at bash, certainly not finish without getting a list of go-to seasonal beverages to get sipping and portion. mulberry outlet
Although Tamimi declared may not imply ISIS doesn big t want to recover the Aleppo roles at some point. [url=http://www.burberryuksale.co.uk/burberry-silk-scarves-c-18/]Burberry Silk Scarves[/url]
sunday’s game Louboutin Chaussures
T. Accomplish big and small small business effectively work ugg Classic
The town provides time for it to implement a fresh trying to recycle efforts. In the event junk lists carry effectively regular using today’s statistics, metropolis landfill won’t refill approximately Quarter of a century.
日知其所亡 » 爱新觉罗福临的邀请函
awfvmibyogj
wfvmibyogj http://www.gk72×47i81s31wb4l2o6e5p5u69iu7jss.org/
[url=http://www.gk72x47i81s31wb4l2o6e5p5u69iu7jss.org/]uwfvmibyogj[/url]