曾国藩跋苏轼《和蔡景繁海州石室》

2006年3月10日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

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释文
石曼卿种桃于石室,烂漫岩谷。坡公往游时,携有妓女,诗中所谓“後车仍载胡琴女”者也;後,婢已遣去,故又云“前年开閤放柳枝,今年洗心参佛祖”。伊川常谓“心中无妓”,余观坡老,襟怀洒落耳。
春农姻世讲属。涤生曾国藩。
按。此盖跋苏轼《和蔡景繁海州石室》诗也。
石延年,字曼卿,据刘延世《孙公谈圃》(《说郛》卷十五):“石曼卿谪海州(在今江苏连云港市)日,使人拾桃核数斛,人迹不到处,以弹弓种之,不数年,桃花遍山谷中”;苏轼诗云“戏将桃核裹黄泥,石间散掷如风雨,坐令空山出锦绣,倚天照海花无数”,所述即桃花“烂漫岩谷”的景象。
曾跋以程颐(即伊川先生)语形容苏轼的“襟怀洒落”,但是,“心中无妓”的,并非程颐,而是程颐的哥哥程颢。刘宗周《人谱类记》卷下:“伊川见妓,即拂衣起去。明道(按程颢号明道)同他客尽欢而罢。次早,明道至伊川斋头,语及昨事,伊川犹有怒色。明道笑曰:‘某当时在彼与饮,座中有妓,心中原无妓。吾弟今日处斋头,斋中本无妓,心中却还有妓’。伊川不觉媿服”;可知,国藩记错了。
国藩于宋人,颇称道欧阳修、苏轼师弟。国藩与其友刘蓉谐谈,便以欧阳修自况,而将蓉拟为梅尧臣。蓉在国藩死前,做了一个梦,梦中,国藩却将他拟为石延年。《养晦堂诗集》卷二《曾太傅挽歌百首》“戊日前知返帝乡”自注:“(同治十一年)正月十八夜,梦与公为天台、雁宕之游,既抵山麓,仆来告曰:‘山径欹侧,不可以舆,但利骑耳’。因命取马。公忽顾而问曰:‘君仍乘青骡去耶?’予恍惚忆己之为石曼卿者,即应曰:‘然。公何乘也?’公以两手捋鬚,徐应曰:‘我马维黄’。已而泪下。方讶问之,而遂醒矣。迨二月闻公之讣,则薨于是月四日戊午,盖黄马之先兆云”;
所记国藩“君仍乘青骡去耶”之语,典出欧阳修《六一诗话》:“曼卿卒後,其故人有见之者,云:恍惚如梦中,言‘我今为鬼仙也,所主芙蓉城’;欲呼故人往游,不得,忿然骑一青骡去,如飞”。按,“我马维黄”,应为“我马玄黄”(《诗经•卷耳》),或避清圣祖玄烨讳,因易为“维”;“玄黄”,谓“玄马而黄,病极而变色也”(朱熹《诗经集传》)。

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