封面及自序
自 序
这本书是一个杂集。所谓杂,首先是体裁的杂,有专栏短文,有图书评论,有述史长篇,还有考证兼抒情的散文。其次,是文体的杂,既有大白话,也有浅近文言。再次,则是图文相杂;如此,虽有趋附潮流的嫌疑,但是每幅图的挑选,都用了点心思,尽量避免选用司空见惯的图片,希望能在“看图说话”一类书中稍显幾分别致。
因为杂,所以不好取名字。不好取名,就偷懒,例如人名中的“港生”(生于香港)、“建国”(生于四九年)之类,就地取材,无所寄托。于是,想了个《曾国藩叫我起早床》,即取材于书中某文题,小作改易。前撰《战天京》,也是这般偷懒取的名字。这个书名被朋友们简称为《叫床》,大受好评,但是,出版商不同意,说了两个理由:一,“曾国藩”三个字,今已成为书市中各类假冒伪劣书籍的代名词;二,近来好卖的历史类书籍,书名都很“大气”。“曾国藩”如何与假冒伪劣挂上钩,我所不解,“大气”是什么模样,更不可想见。然既有此说,就不得不重视,盖因已是二十一世纪,各行各业都应重视专业人士的意见,不则逆潮而动,是所谓“拍脑袋决策”,将被讥为土老财、暴发户之作派矣。从善如流,改。怎么改?却没了主意,一球踢回出版商,让他想辙。彼心早有成竹,报曰:天下残局。
释名是这样的。残局,自然是说晚清的时局。虽有十年的“中兴”(此据美国汉学家芮玛丽的定义,指1860-1870年),终不免分崩离析,一朝倾塌。天下,比国家大,照顾炎武的说法,亡国犹不可怕,怕的是亡天下。于是,天下、残局两个词合在一块,既有历史判断,也有对未来的期许,生灭常变,爱恨情仇,大道混沌,一锅煮了。我说,纯属瞎掰,下不为例。因此,有了这个书名。
但心有不甘,还要加个尾巴,曰:断章取义晚清史。鄙见正题未免过于“大气”,添一条小气的补充说明,或能取得燮理阴阳、调适胃肠的作用。若说老实话,则是犯怯发虚,不敢以讲大话而自喜自欺也。读者其能亮之,则某幸甚。
虽如此这般与专业人士、商业策略做了“和奸”,但犹有几句议论,不吐不快。前谓甫闻“曾国藩”三字成了假冒伪劣书籍的代名词,蒙所未解,稍稍一想,却又解了几分。
出版商所说,无非是指那些打着曾文正公招牌的各类“权谋”、“秘术”的“成功学专著”。挺经、冰鉴之类,是假冒。前者虽见于湘、淮元老的函札及同时後世的笔记,但未有成书;後者,则直是以讹传讹,曾氏固尝以貌取人(见曾氏家藏史料之“会客单”部分),但何曾为此撰写过专门著作!何谓伪劣?愚见:自民国以来,市面上全部挂羊头卖狗肉的曾氏“心法”类书籍,不论分类辑录还是夹叙夹评,都是伪劣品;只有两种例外,一是王定安《求阕斋弟子记》,一是蔡锷辑《曾胡治兵语录》,前者比次史料,後者兵家别裁,对读者来说,有利无弊。
假冒伪劣,实不足论,值得讨论的是,明明是假冒伪劣的东西,却群趋若鹜,何解?
曾国藩以书生带兵,勘定大乱,本就是桩奇事,何况这桩奇事距今不过百馀年,依能近取譬之旨,取之为素质教育、终生教育的教材,读者欲视而不见不可得也;梁启超、蔡锷、蒋中正、毛泽东等近代伟人都说过服膺曾氏的话,至奉为国人楷模,正合名人广告的通例,读者欲视而不见不可得也;社会人群之争竞,于今为烈,而人性莫不渴望捷径、乐闻秘技,恰有人投其所好,炮制出借名曾氏的成功指南,读者欲视而不见不可得也。有此三般不得已,此类假冒伪劣书籍欲不大行其道真不可得也。于是,造成了怪现状。一边是曾国藩被神化,其人之名号,幾能点铁成金,促成书籍的畅销;一边,却是曾国藩被庸俗化,大书其名的印刷品,竟成了劣质书籍的代名词,他那幅头戴官帽的苦脸标准像,竟成了劣质文化生活的注册商标。曾氏地下有灵,将以为幸耶,抑以为悲也?
当然,曾氏之灵的悲喜,不足概括世人的悲喜。鄙人之浅识,不足体会世人的悲喜。编撰这册小书,于世人之悲喜,亦无能增减之。更何况假冒伪劣之讥,实亦未自信能毫不领受也。但是,这些败兴话,还是得说,决不後悔;哪怕读者一朝省悟,将鄙人也划入劣质书籍作者的行列。嘻。
牢骚发完了,读者请翻至任何一页,胡乱读之,聊当遣日。
是为序。
二月十一日,岁在丙戌。长沙谭伯牛。
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