封面及自序

2006年4月4日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:


自 序
这本书是一个杂集。所谓杂，首先是体裁的杂，有专栏短文，有图书评论，有述史长篇，还有考证兼抒情的散文。其次，是文体的杂，既有大白话，也有浅近文言。再次，则是图文相杂；如此，虽有趋附潮流的嫌疑，但是每幅图的挑选，都用了点心思，尽量避免选用司空见惯的图片，希望能在“看图说话”一类书中稍显幾分别致。
因为杂，所以不好取名字。不好取名，就偷懒，例如人名中的“港生”（生于香港）、“建国”（生于四九年）之类，就地取材，无所寄托。于是，想了个《曾国藩叫我起早床》，即取材于书中某文题，小作改易。前撰《战天京》，也是这般偷懒取的名字。这个书名被朋友们简称为《叫床》，大受好评，但是，出版商不同意，说了两个理由：一，“曾国藩”三个字，今已成为书市中各类假冒伪劣书籍的代名词；二，近来好卖的历史类书籍，书名都很“大气”。“曾国藩”如何与假冒伪劣挂上钩，我所不解，“大气”是什么模样，更不可想见。然既有此说，就不得不重视，盖因已是二十一世纪，各行各业都应重视专业人士的意见，不则逆潮而动，是所谓“拍脑袋决策”，将被讥为土老财、暴发户之作派矣。从善如流，改。怎么改？却没了主意，一球踢回出版商，让他想辙。彼心早有成竹，报曰：天下残局。
释名是这样的。残局，自然是说晚清的时局。虽有十年的“中兴”（此据美国汉学家芮玛丽的定义，指1860-1870年），终不免分崩离析，一朝倾塌。天下，比国家大，照顾炎武的说法，亡国犹不可怕，怕的是亡天下。于是，天下、残局两个词合在一块，既有历史判断，也有对未来的期许，生灭常变，爱恨情仇，大道混沌，一锅煮了。我说，纯属瞎掰，下不为例。因此，有了这个书名。
但心有不甘，还要加个尾巴，曰：断章取义晚清史。鄙见正题未免过于“大气”，添一条小气的补充说明，或能取得燮理阴阳、调适胃肠的作用。若说老实话，则是犯怯发虚，不敢以讲大话而自喜自欺也。读者其能亮之，则某幸甚。
虽如此这般与专业人士、商业策略做了“和奸”，但犹有几句议论，不吐不快。前谓甫闻“曾国藩”三字成了假冒伪劣书籍的代名词，蒙所未解，稍稍一想，却又解了几分。
出版商所说，无非是指那些打着曾文正公招牌的各类“权谋”、“秘术”的“成功学专著”。挺经、冰鉴之类，是假冒。前者虽见于湘、淮元老的函札及同时後世的笔记，但未有成书；後者，则直是以讹传讹，曾氏固尝以貌取人（见曾氏家藏史料之“会客单”部分），但何曾为此撰写过专门著作！何谓伪劣？愚见：自民国以来，市面上全部挂羊头卖狗肉的曾氏“心法”类书籍，不论分类辑录还是夹叙夹评，都是伪劣品；只有两种例外，一是王定安《求阕斋弟子记》，一是蔡锷辑《曾胡治兵语录》，前者比次史料，後者兵家别裁，对读者来说，有利无弊。
假冒伪劣，实不足论，值得讨论的是，明明是假冒伪劣的东西，却群趋若鹜，何解？
曾国藩以书生带兵，勘定大乱，本就是桩奇事，何况这桩奇事距今不过百馀年，依能近取譬之旨，取之为素质教育、终生教育的教材，读者欲视而不见不可得也；梁启超、蔡锷、蒋中正、毛泽东等近代伟人都说过服膺曾氏的话，至奉为国人楷模，正合名人广告的通例，读者欲视而不见不可得也；社会人群之争竞，于今为烈，而人性莫不渴望捷径、乐闻秘技，恰有人投其所好，炮制出借名曾氏的成功指南，读者欲视而不见不可得也。有此三般不得已，此类假冒伪劣书籍欲不大行其道真不可得也。于是，造成了怪现状。一边是曾国藩被神化，其人之名号，幾能点铁成金，促成书籍的畅销；一边，却是曾国藩被庸俗化，大书其名的印刷品，竟成了劣质书籍的代名词，他那幅头戴官帽的苦脸标准像，竟成了劣质文化生活的注册商标。曾氏地下有灵，将以为幸耶，抑以为悲也？
当然，曾氏之灵的悲喜，不足概括世人的悲喜。鄙人之浅识，不足体会世人的悲喜。编撰这册小书，于世人之悲喜，亦无能增减之。更何况假冒伪劣之讥，实亦未自信能毫不领受也。但是，这些败兴话，还是得说，决不後悔；哪怕读者一朝省悟，将鄙人也划入劣质书籍作者的行列。嘻。
牢骚发完了，读者请翻至任何一页，胡乱读之，聊当遣日。
是为序。
二月十一日，岁在丙戌。长沙谭伯牛。

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