发愤杀鱼
《南方周末》(20060907)载姜鸣《簪花多在少年头——访李鸿章故乡合肥磨店》,云:
野史中说,李家从前养过一缸漂亮的金鱼。某日,李文安与家人闲聊时谈到,今年金鱼产子多,家中孩子和馆中学生进学考取秀才的也应该多,并扳着指头数,某人可以进学,大儿子瀚章也可以进学。孰料第二天一缸金鱼全部死光。查下来,竟是老二鸿章干的。文安问他,为什么要弄死一缸鱼?鸿章答:这么多人可以进学,惟独我不能进,此鱼不可留。文安摇头叹道,你才11岁,怎么进学?这个故事,反映了少年鸿章孤傲性格和毒辣手段,用合肥话说,他从小就是个“狠人”。古往今来,成就事业的人物大抵都有这种霸气。
按。“野史”云云,未言出处。而读王闿运《湘绮楼日记》,可知少年左宗棠也杀过金鱼,光绪四年五月十五日记:
袁予翁言,左季高父养金鱼一缸,以子多少为门徒盛衰。一岁子多,其父数及门某当入学,不及季高。左年九岁,甚愠,乘隙尽杀缸中鱼。父诘之,对以情。
李、左之父都当过塾师,故以金鱼产子多少为门生进学之兆,容或有之。但姜文说“文安摇头叹道,你才11岁,怎么进学”,不对。
清代科举,凡未取得县、府学生员资格者,皆称童生;童生虽有“童”字,但自六、七岁至六、七十岁,都可以童生称之,惟十五岁以下称“幼童”,算是名副其实之“童”。童生参加县、府、院试合格,取得生员资格(生员,即俗称秀才者),称“入学”或“进学”。鸿章虽只十一岁,然五年前即已“发蒙”,开始读书作文,只要考试通过,就能“进学”,并无年纪太小“怎么进学”的限制。
其父视金鱼产子多少,言及儿子门人能否“进学”,只是一个“口彩”。少年左、李因其父之言而发愤杀鱼,并不是怨怪老爸说自己年纪小,而是怪老爸不讲“口彩”,说话不中听。
由此,可知王氏日记所载左宗棠逸事,情理可信。而姜文引述李鸿章事,一则没有出处,二则解读错误,恐不可信。
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