曾国藩跋苏轼《和蔡景繁海州石室》

2006年3月10日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

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释文
石曼卿种桃于石室，烂漫岩谷。坡公往游时，携有妓女，诗中所谓“後车仍载胡琴女”者也；後，婢已遣去，故又云“前年开閤放柳枝，今年洗心参佛祖”。伊川常谓“心中无妓”，余观坡老，襟怀洒落耳。
春农姻世讲属。涤生曾国藩。
按。此盖跋苏轼《和蔡景繁海州石室》诗也。
石延年，字曼卿，据刘延世《孙公谈圃》（《说郛》卷十五）：“石曼卿谪海州（在今江苏连云港市）日，使人拾桃核数斛，人迹不到处，以弹弓种之，不数年，桃花遍山谷中”；苏轼诗云“戏将桃核裹黄泥，石间散掷如风雨，坐令空山出锦绣，倚天照海花无数”，所述即桃花“烂漫岩谷”的景象。
曾跋以程颐（即伊川先生）语形容苏轼的“襟怀洒落”，但是，“心中无妓”的，并非程颐，而是程颐的哥哥程颢。刘宗周《人谱类记》卷下：“伊川见妓，即拂衣起去。明道（按程颢号明道）同他客尽欢而罢。次早，明道至伊川斋头，语及昨事，伊川犹有怒色。明道笑曰：‘某当时在彼与饮，座中有妓，心中原无妓。吾弟今日处斋头，斋中本无妓，心中却还有妓’。伊川不觉媿服”；可知，国藩记错了。
国藩于宋人，颇称道欧阳修、苏轼师弟。国藩与其友刘蓉谐谈，便以欧阳修自况，而将蓉拟为梅尧臣。蓉在国藩死前，做了一个梦，梦中，国藩却将他拟为石延年。《养晦堂诗集》卷二《曾太傅挽歌百首》“戊日前知返帝乡”自注：“（同治十一年）正月十八夜，梦与公为天台、雁宕之游，既抵山麓，仆来告曰：‘山径欹侧，不可以舆，但利骑耳’。因命取马。公忽顾而问曰：‘君仍乘青骡去耶？’予恍惚忆己之为石曼卿者，即应曰：‘然。公何乘也？’公以两手捋鬚，徐应曰：‘我马维黄’。已而泪下。方讶问之，而遂醒矣。迨二月闻公之讣，则薨于是月四日戊午，盖黄马之先兆云”；
所记国藩“君仍乘青骡去耶”之语，典出欧阳修《六一诗话》：“曼卿卒後，其故人有见之者，云：恍惚如梦中，言‘我今为鬼仙也，所主芙蓉城’；欲呼故人往游，不得，忿然骑一青骡去，如飞”。按，“我马维黄”，应为“我马玄黄”（《诗经•卷耳》），或避清圣祖玄烨讳，因易为“维”；“玄黄”，谓“玄马而黄，病极而变色也”（朱熹《诗经集传》）。

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