王闿运之青葱岁月

2004年12月22日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

咸丰七年，王闿运考中举人。次年，往江西湘军大营作客。其时，曾国藩在军中大力提倡“艰苦耐贫”，他却不以为然，并以实际行动表示杯葛：军中皆著棉布衣服，他却里绸外裘；晚餐大家都吃酸菜罗卜，他却无肉不欢。“行为艺术”进行了十多天，宾主在不愉快的气氛中道别。随后，他又游历杭州、苏州，于咸丰九年三月抵达北京，参加会试。十几岁时，闿运便已成为湖南著名的新锐诗人，此后岁月也顺风顺水，恰如今语所谓：在通往牛逼的大道上一路狂奔。但是，这次考试却令人失望，他被迫在通往牛逼的大道上紧急煞车。在京城四月的晚风里，在寓所法源寺的丁香花下，二十八岁的闿运吟诵着朋友的赠诗：“行藏须早决，容易近中年”；不禁感到一阵眩晕。
正当彷徨无路的时候，少年时代的朋友龙汝霖、李寿蓉找到了他。此时，他们都拜在同一个老大的门下——一个在肃顺家当家庭教师，一个在肃顺主管的户部任主事——正遵照老大的吩咐，四处奔走，“延揽英雄、以收物望”，家乡的大才子王闿运来了，岂有不赶紧推荐的道理？四十四岁的肃顺一见闿运，十分欣赏，当下便欲与他结拜为异姓兄弟，闿运傲骨犹存，生怕因此被士人们讥讽为“悻进”，乃婉言谢绝。肃顺不以为忤，又说要花一大笔钱为他捐个官职，闿运书生气重，并不想放弃再次会试、博一个进士出身的“正途”，再次谢绝。如此一来，肃顺更为敬重他的人品，以上宾待之。一次，升任浙江布政使的徐宗幹进京述职，专程到肃府送上五十两银子的“炭敬”；适逢闿运邀集一帮人在某处宴饮，肃顺即吩咐徐宗幹将“炭敬”转赠给王先生，并不许透露这是他的意旨。一个副省级干部慕名而来，且代为买单；王闿运再矜持，也必因虚荣心被大大满足而窃喜不已。是故多年以后，闿运已成老翁，与弟子辈谈京华旧事，于此犹津津乐道。
闿运不是安于温饱之徒，不能切实作些事情，总觉得对不住肃顺。其时，俄国在东北生事，清廷大忧。闿运乃向肃顺请缨，说要学习汉代张骞去作一番和戎的大事业。肃顺固然钦佩他的才识，但知道他并未研究过“夷务”，冒然前去，搞不好就毁掉一个人才，因此，“笑而不答”。孰知闿运因此犟劲大发，不久，竟拜辞出京去济南散心了。在济南玩了两个月。饱食终日，无所用心，令他郁闷，转而念及在北京的好处。于是，闿运又回了北京。肃顺见他回来，大喜，立即馈赠高级伏特加酒一瓶，聊表歉意。
其时，太平军在名将陈玉成、李秀成率领下，连获大胜，清廷形势岌岌可危。肃顺幕府中的“湖南帮”经过商议，向肃顺提出一个建议：奏请皇帝将东南军政大权授予曾国藩。六年来，曾国藩率领湘军战斗在长江两岸，有力扼制了太平军的攻势，但是，出于满汉偏见，咸丰帝并不放心将兵权毫无保留的交给他。曾氏挂着个钦差大臣的虚衔在前线博命，各省地方官多视之为“雇佣军”，急则招之，缓则厌之，曾氏每每有“呼应不灵”的怨叹。肃顺听取了“湖南帮”的意见，遂去运作此事。果然，不久便下旨：曾国藩署理两江总督，并督办江南军务。“帝王师”一番筹划，乃能决定千里之外的人事任命，此举令闿运十分高兴。随后数月，凭藉肃府高参的身份，闿运更深入了解了湘军的情况及太平军一方的“匪情”。“帝王师”坐不住了，他要去前线施展身手；他将此意告知肃顺，肃顺极为赞成，于是，他再次奔赴湘军大营。
只是，当意气风发的闿运来到安徽祁门，他再次发现了理想和现实之间的巨大差距。此时，太平军正逐渐收缩对湘军大营的包围，试图聚而歼之。闿运先前设想了种种“廓清东南”的大计划，在目前这个局面下竟毫无施展之处。更要命的是，曾国藩也找不到突围的好办法，索性写了遗书，准备一死了之。军中一片萧杀景象。幕客程桓生垂头袖手，逢人便问：“死在一堆如何？”尤令闿运心神摇动。足智多谋的“帝王师”千里迢迢赶到此地，竟是为这个死脑筋的湘乡人作陪葬来了！像他这么想的，大有人在，曾国藩怎会不知？不过，他并不强求大家“死在一堆”，他下令：“有欲暂归者，支给三月薪水；事平仍来营，吾不介意”。那有血性之人听了这道命令，必热血沸腾，反能视死如归。崇尚智谋的文职幕客则未必如此，因此有一批人闻命即行，闿运即在其中。
“帝王师”的青年时代，便以不光彩的逃兵行径草草收场。当然，他也毋庸太过羞愧，名气更大的李鸿章比他还先走一步呢。

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