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2006年6月8日 | 分类: 南都周刊 | 标签:

上个月写的，本来想更狠一点，後来一想，何必呢，所以就成了下面这个样子。

国学是什么？大师还用选？

前一阵在网上看到一个帖子，楼主使用被广电部明令禁止的台湾腔“国语”，挤眉弄眼的说：“惊讶！国学大师用选的……”；点进去一看，原来是百度网站、国学网与中国人民大学国学院联合举办评选，号召网民投票，选出“最受网友推崇的十名国学大师”。日前，十位“大师”的名单已经列出，正等待网友继续票选，以便最终排定座次。

用选“超女”的方法选“大师”，乍一看，令人惊诧，再一想，也不必失色。超女选举的本质或曰雏形，是选美。1921年，美国人举办了第一次选美，这是现代意义上的选美，余风至今不歇。而在此前的1918年，上海也办过一回选美，叫“花国选举”，惟对参赛者限制资格，非性工作者不得参与；不然，第一次选美的吉尼斯奖牌必将划入吾国名下，可以空前傲后矣，惜哉。不过，选美事业虽落人后，另有一般武艺，则属我之独有，不怕锦标旁落，这就是约在同时兴起的“国学”。

落选本届大赛的“大师”钱穆，曾如此定义“国学”：“学术本无国界。‘国学’一名，前既无承，将来亦恐不立。特为一时代的名词。其范围所及，何者应列国学，何者则否，实难判别”。史家预测未来，常常出错，几乎是一条铁律；钱穆不能例外，他说“将来亦恐不立”，就是证据。君不见今日禹域之内，“国学”大盛，业已行出书斋，走上街头，登于网络，更有媲美“超女”之盛举，俨然成为时代的风尚，哪里还“亦恐不立”呢？钱穆唱衰“国学”，不得晋级，不亦宜乎？

美中不足的是，“国学”到底包括些什么内容，迄无定论。有人说是经史子集四部之学，有人说是传统中国的一切学问，有人说梅兰芳、侯宝林也是“国学大师”（见百度网站留言），总之，意见纷纭，没个准头。百度网站虽主持选举，可在章程中对什么是“国学”，候选者应具何等资格，竟也语焉不详，除了这一条：“候选大师选择范围为于1900年1月1日至1999年12月31日期间辞世的学人”；用大白话说，那就是只选死人了。易言之，死人才能代表“国学”？

需要申明者，鄙人有此一问，绝非唱衰，而是接另一个话头。被百度网站列为推荐专家之一的史学家李零尝云：“我一直说，‘国学’就是‘国将不国’之学，如果不是中国出了问题，如果不是同‘西学’刻意对比，本来是没有什么‘国学’的”。这句话，比钱穆说得狠。清末民初之际，恰好是“国将不国”的时代，“国学”之出现，生逢其时，乃是一种对所谓“西学”的反动，含着深刻的自卑，但也有内省的自觉。那么，彼时的“国学”，不乏抱残守缺之心，也有内通外往之志，交糅杂储，莫可名状，正是“一时代的名词”，仅具思想史的意义，而无学术史的地位。

今夕何夕？今日已应是东海西海此理攸同的年代，已应是细心检讨如何“和平崛起”的年代，已应是认真读书为荣游谈无根为耻的年代，若再不去切实讲求“无国界”的学术，还拎起这不知所云的几两“国将不国之学”，通街叫卖，成何体统！

别选什么“大师”了。各安本分：做官不要贪污，治学不要剽窃，经商不要无良，办报不要瞎炒，如此，庶几能创造一个国富学昌的时代。

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