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上个月写的,本来想更狠一点,後来一想,何必呢,所以就成了下面这个样子。
国学是什么?大师还用选?
前一阵在网上看到一个帖子,楼主使用被广电部明令禁止的台湾腔“国语”,挤眉弄眼的说:“惊讶!国学大师用选的……”;点进去一看,原来是百度网站、国学网与中国人民大学国学院联合举办评选,号召网民投票,选出“最受网友推崇的十名国学大师”。日前,十位“大师”的名单已经列出,正等待网友继续票选,以便最终排定座次。
用选“超女”的方法选“大师”,乍一看,令人惊诧,再一想,也不必失色。超女选举的本质或曰雏形,是选美。1921年,美国人举办了第一次选美,这是现代意义上的选美,余风至今不歇。而在此前的1918年,上海也办过一回选美,叫“花国选举”,惟对参赛者限制资格,非性工作者不得参与;不然,第一次选美的吉尼斯奖牌必将划入吾国名下,可以空前傲后矣,惜哉。不过,选美事业虽落人后,另有一般武艺,则属我之独有,不怕锦标旁落,这就是约在同时兴起的“国学”。
落选本届大赛的“大师”钱穆,曾如此定义“国学”:“学术本无国界。‘国学’一名,前既无承,将来亦恐不立。特为一时代的名词。其范围所及,何者应列国学,何者则否,实难判别”。史家预测未来,常常出错,几乎是一条铁律;钱穆不能例外,他说“将来亦恐不立”,就是证据。君不见今日禹域之内,“国学”大盛,业已行出书斋,走上街头,登于网络,更有媲美“超女”之盛举,俨然成为时代的风尚,哪里还“亦恐不立”呢?钱穆唱衰“国学”,不得晋级,不亦宜乎?
美中不足的是,“国学”到底包括些什么内容,迄无定论。有人说是经史子集四部之学,有人说是传统中国的一切学问,有人说梅兰芳、侯宝林也是“国学大师”(见百度网站留言),总之,意见纷纭,没个准头。百度网站虽主持选举,可在章程中对什么是“国学”,候选者应具何等资格,竟也语焉不详,除了这一条:“候选大师选择范围为于1900年1月1日至1999年12月31日期间辞世的学人”;用大白话说,那就是只选死人了。易言之,死人才能代表“国学”?
需要申明者,鄙人有此一问,绝非唱衰,而是接另一个话头。被百度网站列为推荐专家之一的史学家李零尝云:“我一直说,‘国学’就是‘国将不国’之学,如果不是中国出了问题,如果不是同‘西学’刻意对比,本来是没有什么‘国学’的”。这句话,比钱穆说得狠。清末民初之际,恰好是“国将不国”的时代,“国学”之出现,生逢其时,乃是一种对所谓“西学”的反动,含着深刻的自卑,但也有内省的自觉。那么,彼时的“国学”,不乏抱残守缺之心,也有内通外往之志,交糅杂储,莫可名状,正是“一时代的名词”,仅具思想史的意义,而无学术史的地位。
今夕何夕?今日已应是东海西海此理攸同的年代,已应是细心检讨如何“和平崛起”的年代,已应是认真读书为荣游谈无根为耻的年代,若再不去切实讲求“无国界”的学术,还拎起这不知所云的几两“国将不国之学”,通街叫卖,成何体统!
别选什么“大师”了。各安本分:做官不要贪污,治学不要剽窃,经商不要无良,办报不要瞎炒,如此,庶几能创造一个国富学昌的时代。
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