士大夫之学
余英时论曾国藩之治学，谓可分为两个阶段。第一阶段，叫做“猛火煮”。其时，国藩虽为翰林，却常因学殖浅陋，为人所笑，乃下定决心，“屏除一切，从事于克己之学”(道光廿二年家书)，要求自己每日须写字若干、抄书若干、读书若干，“虽极忙，亦须了本日功课”(道光廿四年家书)。成效甚著，仅道光廿四年下半年，他便读完《后汉书》、《王荆公文集》、《归震川文集》与《诗经大全》，皆施圈批，一丝不苟。第二个阶段，则是嗣后二十余年的“慢火温”，大致可总结为：生书快读以求广博，旧书熟读以求约取；读书范围，以义理、词章、经济、考据四科为限。余英时之喻，出于《朱子语类》，是说做学问就像熬一锅汤，“须爇猛火先煮，方用慢火煮”；然则曾国藩最末熬成一锅什么样的汤呢？看他自己如何说：“吾生平读书百无一成，而于古人为学之津途，实已窥见其大”(咸丰九年家书)。对此，余英时做了一个有趣的解释，称国藩没有走“专家”的道路，而是完成了自己的“士大夫之学”，庶几等同于西方的“通识”教育。因为，渊源于欧洲文艺复兴时代人文主义的“通识”教育，与中国传统“士大夫之学”一样，皆以塑造完美人格为最高理想，而不仅追求精于一艺的专业成就(《曾国藩与“士大夫之学”》，载广西师大版《余英时文集》第九卷)。
只是，要修成塑造完美人格的“士大夫之学”，除了读书，必还有一份具体的行为指南，余英时的文章于此未作评述，不免遗憾。欲考察某人的日常行为，自以研究其人《日记》为最便，然而，岳麓版《曾国藩全集》所收《日记》恰恰缺少这部分内容。自道光廿六年至咸丰七年的日记，《全集》俱付阙如，其中，绝大部分因曾国藩座船遭太平军火攻而被焚毁，永不可见；而咸丰元、二年间的日记，尚存人间，惜编者不察，遂致遗珠。1965年，台湾学生书局出版十巨册《湘乡曾氏文献》，第六册为《绵绵穆穆之室日记》，正是这份日记记载了曾氏修习“士大夫之学”的全部课程。
日记格式比较特别，合二页为一日，每页四栏，各有标题(即日课)，依次为读书、静坐、属文、作字、办公、课子、对客与回信。有事则记，无则从缺，这是日记的“体例”，略作统计，几乎无日不记者有读书、办公、课子、对客四事。其时国藩兼任礼、刑二部侍郎(略当今日之副部长)，政务繁忙，办公对客无暇晷，可想而知。二年间所读书有两个特点，一是多读经济之书，如治河、漕运、礼制、钱法之类，且极有针对性，如听闻广西发生暴乱，即开始读戚继光的《纪效新书》，琢磨治军用兵之法；一是根据儿子的教学进度，顺便给自己补课，如教儿子读《尚书》，对拿不准的地方他一定预先温习，决不“以其昏昏，使人昭昭”。然公退犹不废读书，不忘教子，似稍异于常人。至于静坐，并非如理学家所说，能穷万物之理，不过抽空打个盹而已——“未初(午后一点钟)，在坐曲肱枕睡”。属文、作字，则多属应酬，以赠序、对联为多。如此，就是曾氏“士大夫之学”的主修课。
不过，看这每一天每一门课，实在卑卑无奇，于是，有人要问了：靠这个真能修成“士大夫之学”？答曰：好像不行。再问：若生命不息，上课不止，历数十年如一日，是不是能修成此学，也做一回文正公？答曰：好像也不行。为什么？因为，在这份日记里，曾国藩已作解答，那就是：“莫问收获，但问耕耘”。
日知其所亡 » 士大夫之学
Give Southerland credit ratings regarding undertaking his / her employment [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=207]http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=207[/url]
[url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=97]www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=97[/url]
Agave montana. Steve Kemble/Ruth Bancroft Backyard. [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=214]Cheap leather wallets women Online Sale coach outlet gilroy – Discount Price 2013![/url]
Easily simplify Your current Calls coach outlet edinburgh indiana
Willow Gorge 0 6 15 4 — Twenty-one [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=228]coach outlet black friday sale[/url]
Rates [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=20]www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=20[/url]
Throughout Geneva, the particular members reached this discussions with some other targets: Your Us citizens as well as European people wished a contract; the particular Iranians needed nukes. Each party obtained just what it came for. Ahead of the bargain, this mullahs’ present establishments have been reportedly inside of some for you to several several weeks involving atomic “breakout”; underneath the brand new restrictions, they’ll end up being nine to help being unfaithful months through breakout. Inturn, many people get official overseas acceptance in their enrichment program, and also the gutting connected with sanctions – in addition to almost everything they have is actually, as the saying goes from Obamacare, grandfathered with. http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=66
named UniSource Strength has been produced to help branch out in to connected electrical power coach belts
Paton
日知其所亡 » 士大夫之学
日知其所亡 » 士大夫之学
Sentite come i telegiornali Newtown massacro insieme con settimane abbiamo ancora lo stesso, ancora oggi, qualsiasi di noi prelevamento testimonianze sulla sparatoria ha avuto luogo attraverso quattro mesi passati.
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with such a memorable possiblity to check tips from this blog. It is always so sweet and also full of a good time for me personally and my office colleagues to search your blog not less than 3 times per week to see the fresh stuff you have. And definitely, I’m certainly amazed with your dazzling creative ideas you give. Certain 4 tips in this article are in reality the finest we have had.
what does the best buy beats by dre warranty cover
cheap nba jerseys revolution 30 for sale from viet cheap baseball hats jerseys cheap authentic wholesale panthers jerseys supply nfl jerseys high quality. cheap hockey jerseys 2014 sale online from china authentic stitched nfl jerseys cheap youth nhl jerseys cheap cheap nfl jerseys cheap nfl jerseys us cheap indianapolis colts jerseys 49ers jerseys cheap cheap steelers jerseys from china cheap authentic nfl jerseys http://www.svtb4u.com/football-jerseys/ cheap nba jerseys cheap mesh basketball practice jerseys cheap nfl nike jerseys china cheap youth baseball jerseys cheap authentic nfl jerseys from china
cheap nba jerseys china
セイコー ブライツアナンタ
Lille es posible desplazar a new M naco andel segundo puesto supposrr que vence a Reims el domingo. Barbour man
Craft begun for my child in childhood with pulling lessons from the girl’s father as well as grandmother. Your woman upset her artsy trip to take into account a career around rules before ending within medical school, where by she uncovered your woman loved in your hospital. An associate sharp the girl’s to anesthesiology. “Anesthesiology appropriate everyone to some Big t,” your lover stated. Gucci Sunglasses
Deal with to consume superior [url=http://www.canadagoosejackenoutlet.de/montebello-parka-c-1_11/]canada goose outlet[/url]
01/12/2014 11:52:Thirty-two Are PSTUpdated: [url=http://www.burberryuksale.co.uk/burberry-clutch-bags-c-2/]Burberry Clutch Bags[/url]
Women Woolrich Sciarpe
when ex – Chaplain Gail Torrez asked in the event that your woman will certainly make the specific [url=http://www.buybarbour.co.uk/barbour-international-jackets-c-1_6/]Barbour International Jackets[/url]
Newcomer Levonte ?Kermit? Whitfield cheated some sort of 100-yard start come back for any touchdown, sophomore cornerback R.J. Williams recorded a critical interception, sophomore protective ending Mario Edwards Jr. had a enormous online game together with half a dozen baits, beginner protection Jalen Ramsey obtained all 5 ceases, and every one of your Seminoles? leading skill posture people will be underclassmen. [url=http://www.ugges.us/bailey-button-c-3_26/]ugg outlet[/url]
Sustainment Brigade.
When it comes to beginning exercisers, the Polar M32 is the best of the Polar M series. Everybody, we ALL need to contact Funimation and complain EVERY TIME we encounter such a disc until they get the message through their dense heads (and the locked remote issue too! ) Favorite restaurant: Sen of Japan in Las Vegas, Supreme Dragon for my favorite Chinese comfort foods and Zachary’s (deep dish pizza). Cheap Handbag wi se its fashion and nate, and the combination of give s a diffeent kind of tave. Evaluate if they’re willing to supply the names of a few of the prior clients as recommendations. The Gillette Castle Connection is available to hikers on operating days of the Essex Steam Train and Riverboat, which runs from May 1 through October 31, 2004. Gateway will start rolling the FX laptops out in early January.