响应民意的太后改嫁
清初有三大疑案：太后下嫁，顺治出家，雍正篡位；经孟森、郑天挺、王锺翰等学者辨证，顺治、雍正二案真相大白，惟太后下嫁之案，一波三折，耐人寻味。
科尔沁博尔吉济特氏，本是清太宗皇太极的庄妃，因其子福临后来做了皇帝，遂升级为皇后，死后谥曰“孝庄”。福临登基，犹是“幼齿”，处治不了国家大事，廷议乃以郑亲王济尔哈朗与睿亲王多尔衮辅政，称为摄政王。多尔衮是皇太极之弟，即是福临之叔，故被称为“皇叔父摄政王”，简称“叔王”。然据郑天挺考证，“叔王”之“叔”，并不是指多尔衮的皇叔身份；“叔王”乃是一种爵秩，比亲王更高级，与辈分、地位及年纪无关（《多尔衮称皇父之臆测》）。蹊跷的是，多尔衮被尊为“叔王”三年后，又被加封为“皇父摄政王”，字少了一个，级别则提升到无以复加。福临本来是有个爸爸的，现在又出来个“皇父”，算怎么回事呢？难道真如郭德纲相声所谓“您的父亲们”？恰在这时，流亡海外的反清复明义士张煌言写了一首诗，中云：“春官昨进新仪注，大礼恭逢太后婚”；春官指礼部，仪注即礼节制度，盖谓太后改嫁是空前的大事，以往没有定章，礼部赶紧新订了一套婚礼的执行方案。显然，这是听说改称多尔衮为“皇父”后，有感而作。于是，太后下嫁之谣风传于世，历数百年不息，直到今天，犹有信以为真者。
然依孟、郑二氏的意见，“皇父”即如“皇叔父”，不过是加恩尊尚之义，与通常理解的父子之父不一样。古代帝王尊称大臣为“父”，事不一见，如周武王对吕尚、唐德宗对郭子仪俱称“尚父”，齐桓公对管仲、秦始皇对吕不韦俱称“仲父”。以此，福临尊多尔衮为“父”，不算没谱。当然，反对这种解释的人也有，如胡适就写信给孟森，谓“终嫌‘皇父’之称似不能视为与‘尚父’、‘仲父’一例”；王锺翰则用满文字书解释“父”（ama）字之义，谓“生我者之谓父”，此称不宜滥施（《释汗依阿玛》）。然则各执一词，两不相下。但是，即算“皇父”就是皇帝他老子的意思，也不能证明孝庄真就嫁给了多尔衮——最多可以说叔嫂通奸，但不能说举办了婚礼。至此，传谣信谣者碰到一道逻辑难题。解决办法只有两个，一是不讲逻辑，如王锺翰，即曰：“多尔衮既可称为‘皇父’，太后当然可以下嫁多尔衮，都是完全可以相信确有其事的”。这个说法近乎宗教信仰，不足语于考史。还有一个办法，就是找到太后下嫁的“铁证”——大婚诏书。
可惜，上穷碧落下黄泉，也没能找到这份诏书——如果确实存在的话。看似最接近的一次，在1946年，刘文兴发表《清初皇父摄政王多尔衮起居注册跋》，说其父在宣统元年任内阁侍读学士，整理宫中文档，发现了太后下嫁诏书，“遂以闻于朝”，缴了公。此后，诏书不知下落。消息传出，波澜再起，前此信以为真的人好似吃了定心丸。然稍作思考，不难发现，这还是在绕圈子，终究没人见过诏书嘛。人证不如物证，其理易明。不料，再过三十年，人证竟“翻供”了。清宫史专家朱家溍是刘文兴的朋友，当面问他，太后下嫁诏到底是怎么回事。刘氏直承：“不过为了题几句，加一点噱头，容易卖出去而已”（《研究清代宫史的一点体会》）。原来，这是一场“炒作”。
由此可作总结：孝庄、多尔衮之间或有暧昧，但在没有证据的情况下，决不能说太后下嫁王爷。然世人多好奇，若非有类似奇闻不断涌现，终觉往事不足叙，今事不足闻。于是，历史不妨戏说，新闻必须炒作。常言作者引导读者，不如说民意塑造了历史。
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