胡适:我不是理性的动物
唐德刚为《“高陶事件”始末》作序,对抗战时期的“低调俱乐部”大致奚落。所谓“低调俱乐部”,盖谓抗战初期,周佛海、陶希圣、梅思平、高宗武诸人常聚谈于南京西琉湾八号周宅,皆以呼吁对日作战的言论为不负责任的“唱高调”,逆时而动,倡议“立即停止战斗行为,实现中日和平”。于是,曾经参与聚会的胡适,为周宅“题名”,曰“低调俱乐部”。数年以后,局势丕变,“俱乐部”会员有继续“低调”以至“失声”做了汉奸者,如周佛海;有不再“低调”转唱“高调”者,如陶希圣;而“白面书生”胡适则稍作“变调”,念诵六字真言,云:“战难和亦不易”。唐德刚称胡适的态度是“消极中的积极,悲观中的乐观”,被“历史证明是完全正确的”。
但是,“历史证明”云云,谈何容易!且胡适在抗战初期的态度,业因新史料的发见,令人改观。唐德刚撰序之时,或未之思,或未及见,因此,亟应替他的判语做个补充说明。
国史上,战与和的选择成为大问题,出现于南宋以后。此前,能战即战,当和则和,皆以敌我实力对比作为定策依据;故以汉、唐之盛,不免缔盟称臣之事,而时人不以为病。“南宋以来,以战为名高”(郭嵩焘语),主战者不论结果如何,皆是英雄;议和者降志辱身、“苦撑待变”,仍逃不脱“汉奸”的恶谥,其尤者,则是数百年来不得翻案之秦桧。近代学者吕思勉慨乎有言,乃云,南宋与金议和,“本是件必不能免的事” ——清代学者赵翼总结:“宋之为国,始终以和议而存,不和议而亡”(《廿二史箚记》卷二十六);即是“必不能免”一语的注脚——“然而主持和议的秦桧却因此而大负恶名”。在吕氏看来,秦桧压根不是什么“汉奸”,而是一个“有识力”、“肯负责任”、“眼力过人”、“手段过人”的“爱国”者。“后世的人却把他唾骂到如此,中国的学术界,真堪浩叹”(《白话本国史》第三篇第一章)。吕思勉是无征不信的学者,也是坚持原则的爱国者——抗战期间,他“决不向日本人低头”。他说秦桧“爱国”,乃自“详考史事,求其真相”得来,决非时尚“翻案”者比。可见,“历史证明”秦桧是“汉奸”,固然不虚;但是,考证历史,发见秦桧“爱国”的苦心,也不荒唐。综而论之,不得不感叹“历史的吊诡”。鄙人前谓“历史证明”谈何容易,即是此意。
1936年2月17日,胡适在北平兄弟会发表英文演说。这份讲稿一直“禁止公开发表”,秘藏于日本YMCA同盟资料室,直至2005年7月,方由日本学者转交中国社科院近史所闻黎明研究员,再经翻译发表,已是2006年10月。胡适在演讲中谈到了秦桧,说,“他与金人和谈成功,给国家带来了一百年的和平”,但是,“七百五十年来,秦桧从来没有得到原谅”。因为,“他与敌人达成了屈辱的和平”。胡适也谈到吕思勉的著作,因欲为秦桧“所受到的谤毁作辩护”而被政府查禁。以史为鉴,胡适对当时局势作了一个语义微妙的判断:“从政治的角度来看,战争总归比和平更容易一些。目前与日本进行和谈,需要远远超过淞沪战役期间十九路军将领所表现出来的卓越的政治智慧和非凡的勇气”。以此为背景,再看看“战难和亦不易”的六字真言,吾人或能明白胡适的心曲。然而,这句话是胡适对当局的建言,他个人对时局的态度又如何呢?演讲最后一段是这么说的:
“人们说:‘屈辱的和平总比破坏性的战争好一些’;这是真的。但我们不是理性的动物。甚至于我这个二十年来的和平主义者也认为,如果发生战争,我将全力支持”。
Hi, I check your blog on a regular basis 日知其所亡 » 胡适:我不是理性的动物 . Your humoristic style is awesome, keep it up!
gucci outlet shop
The new year Wimbledon (Turf) [url=http://www.louisvuittonbagstore.co.uk/louis-vuitton-speedy-25-c-3_35/]Louis Vuitton Speedy 25[/url]
http://www.examiner.com/article/five-lesser-known-facts-about-college-suicide-for-suicide-prevention-month?cid=rss#comments coach outlet online
The other tactic hired by Armstrong is usually to apply [url=http://www.woolrich.me/woolrich-sciarpe-c-3/]spaccio woolrich bologna[/url]
Final District Coach Handbags
A few. Did you know transform requests have consequences? [url=http://www.mulberryfactoryshop.co.uk/passport-covers-c-4_19/]mulberry Passport Covers[/url]
• Boosts knowledge louis vuitton outlet
Valle Vista sunlight. HOWARD ROSENTHAL/CONTRIBUTED Phone ART louis vuitton sale
On the web:
Thank you for sharing this very good web site
cheap longchamp handbags
[url=http://www.fertinvest.com/]Lebron 11[/url] YyU [url=http://www.oicm.org/]Lebron 11[/url] Tlo [url=http://www.lohikan.com/]Cheap Foamposites[/url] EuB [url=http://www.iteducationblog.com/]Louis Vuitton Luggage[/url] EdE [url=http://www.yq-stainlesssteelmesh.com/]Louis Vuitton Handbags[/url] WcS [url=http://www.itblogspoint.com/]Louis Vuitton Wallet[/url] TwX [url=http://www.pet-gems.com/]Louis Vuitton Handbags[/url] Ddo [url=http://www.bodwellca.com/]Louis Vuitton Wallet[/url] GsB [url=http://www.agbetsi-international.org/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] XuX [url=https://www.great100.org/]Coach USA[/url] XsB [url=http://www.updatemyservice.com/]Coach Purses[/url] RiX [url=http://www.zanettiland.com/]Coach Bags[/url] XyU [url=http://www.itsolexpert.com/]Coach Factory[/url] TyB [url=http://www.spminfoblog.com/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] WcB [url=http://www.hacoprojects.com/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] WuE [url=http://www.itinfopoint.com/]Michael Kors Outlet[/url] Tfo [url=http://www.capitalrobotics.com/]Michael Kors Hamilton[/url] GqX [url=http://swohstemed.org/]Michael Kors Outlet Online[/url] TfS [url=http://rtoindia.com/]Coach Handbags[/url] DuE [url=http://liberation-niger.com/]Coach Outlet[/url] RdE [url=http://www.smccomex.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] TsB [url=http://www.wildwaysillustrated.com/]Coach Factory Outlet[/url] Eco [url=http://www.luxuryvietnamholiday.com/]Coach Factory[/url] GdX [url=http://www.earimilgardens.org.au/]Coach Factory Outlet[/url] GyB [url=http://www.europeanbeautytouch.com/]Coach Factory Outlet Online[/url] RdU [url=http://colorrevolution.cfstyle.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] WiU [url=http://www.almuzammil.pk/]Coach USA[/url] GqU [url=http://www.dbinfoblog.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] EyU
Cheap Michael Kors
[url=http://www.newbabyexpo.com/contact.html]Jordan 6[/url] ure [url=http://www.prometrika.com/contact.html]White Infrared 6s[/url] Wwe [url=http://www.prometrika.com/menu.html]White Infrared 6s[/url] trk [url=http://www.acqura.com/main.asp]Jordan Retro 6[/url] wfdvd [url=http://www.jiggernaut.com/news.aspx]White Infrared 6s[/url] Skk [url=http://www.johnnyice.com/menu.html]White Infrared 6s For Sale[/url] wkbw [url=http://www.pacificindustrial.com/about.html]Jordan 6[/url] eue [url=http://www.soundcatch.org/about.aspx]white 6s[/url] pfdk [url=http://www.acsa2000.net/menu.html]Jordan Retro 3[/url] Dkz [url=http://www.edgeorgecinematography.com/news.aspx]Jordan Retro 10[/url] iec [url=http://www.cityofperris.org/menu.html]Jordan Retro 10[/url] ryz [url=http://www.cityofperris.org/about.html]Powder Blue 3s[/url] wre [url=http://www.genesautoparts.com/]Beats By Dre Studio[/url] uqz [url=http://www.afhjournal.org/]Beats By Dre solo hd[/url] odv [url=http://www.afhjournal.org/]Beats By Dre solo[/url] ikz [url=http://www.dabbagh.com/]Beats By Dre Outlet[/url] ode [url=http://www.reardonspainting.com/]Beats By Dre Cheap[/url] ouv [url=http://www.aci-inc.biz/]Beats By Dre Solo[/url] aib [url=http://www.thelivingclassroom.com/]Beats By Dre Cheap[/url] Sye [url=http://www.dclist.com/]Beats By Dre Studio[/url] Fkc [url=http://www.liontruckingusa.com/]Beats By Dre Solo[/url] wue [url=http://www.innovativehc.com/]Beats By Dre Cheap[/url] Swvd [url=http://www.crossroadsuniversity.com/]Coach Purses[/url] Wue [url=http://www.sabasushila.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] oqc [url=http://www.salinawrestling.com/]Coach Outlet Online[/url] oqe
Jordan 6 Infrared
Louis Vuitton Handbags Fdk Lululemon Outlet pubw Lululemon Sale oye Lululemon Ftc Lululemon Outlet oibw Cheap Lululemon uyv Lululemon Outlet Fdk Lululemon Yoga Pants rtbw Michael Kors Sale irbw Michael Kors Outlet wqbw Michael Kors Iphone Case ode michael kors iphone case Suz Michael Kors Outlet Online rwe Michael Kors Outlet rwc Michael Kors Skv Michael Kors 2014 ide Michael Kors Outlet Ffdk Cheap Michael Kors tyz Michael Kors Outlet wwbw Michael Kors Outlet Wdk Michael Kors Outlet oiz Michael Kors Outlet Store odbw Michael Kors Purses wte Michael Kors Handbags rfdvd Michael Kors Outlet wdbw
Louis Vuitton Handbags Outlet
Greetings, neat webpage you have at this time there
longchamp le pliage folding tote
Lululemon Yoga Pants DzuZ Lululemon Canada DcED Lululemon Outlet DeEW Lululemon Yoga Pants DkuE Lululemon Sale RvdES Michael Kors Handbags DcuW Michael Kors Outlet RvfS Michael Kors Outlet VvdfN Michael Kors Purses VzEW Michael Kors Outlet Online FvuA Cheap Louis Vuitton FesF Louis Vuitton Purses DvuA Louis Vuitton Outlet FcsA Louis Vuitton Handbags DvxS Louis Vuitton Bags DksW Cheap Foamposites REeF Lebron 11 VKbS Lebron James Shoes FEeW Foamposites GOhF Lebron 11 FEhN
Coach Factory