梅 痴 与 熟 女

2008年9月10日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:


彭玉麟是个梅痴。一生画梅无数,写咏梅诗无数,还干脆取了个表号,叫“梅花外子”(外子即今语老公)。既然玩得这么野,就怪不得後人要给他传一段野史。
1935年,李宗邺出版《彭玉麟梅花文学之研究》,打着文学研究的幌子,八玉麟的卦。他以彭诗有“修得梅仙嫁作妻”之句,一口咬定,玉麟婚外恋人的名字就叫“梅仙”,并说玉麟曾建“吟香馆”,金屋藏娇。梅仙亡後,玉麟遂以画梅寄托相思,所谓“一腔心事托梅花”。近代史名家罗尔纲在1937年读到这本书,不以为然,不是说他不信玉麟曾有一段艳史,而是不赞成李宗邺的研究方法。他认为,“假如彭玉麟对他的恋史还留有可供我们稽考的地方的话,可能在他那些感怀的诗中会留有一些”。也就是说,他认为李宗邺“以诗证史”,战略对头,但战术错了。

于是,1946年,罗尔纲写成《彭玉麟画梅本事考》,试图揭晓玉麟的神秘爱人究竟是谁。他用的材料,一是玉麟的诗集,一是王闿运为彭氏作的行状。行状有一句话:“邹夫人(玉麟妻)以朴拙失姑爱,终身无房室之欢。自太夫人(玉麟之母)卒後,遂不相面”;这是说玉麟的夫妻生活很不愉快,也可理解为玉麟婚外恋的诱因,罗尔纲也正在这个“历史背景”下考证玉麟的“恋史”。他强调,玉麟《感怀》诗第二首前四句很重要,诗云:“皖水分襟十二年,潇湘重聚晚春天,徒留四载刀环约,未遂三生镜匣缘”。四句诗其实是一篇叙事短文,盖谓,玉麟与某人在安徽分手,十二年後在湖南重见,相聚四年,再次分手——接下来一句是“惜别惺惺情缱绻”,既云“别”,则生离死别都是分手。而罗尔纲径断为“玉麟的爱人死去了”,不免武断。但他所以如此武断,是有原因的,那就是要将诗中“十二年”与“四载”的时限,与另外一首诗《梦亡友情话甚洽口占志感》(作于1884年)的“已杳音容卅七年”联系起来。

我们知道,1884-37=1847,而1847-4=1843,而1843-12=1831。那么,若能证明玉麟在1831年与某女在安徽分手,1843年某女来湘,1847年某女死,则“恋史”考证可算成功了一半。天不负有心人,玉麟还真在1831年与一位韶龄女子道了别後珍重,只是,女子的身份不太合适,她是玉麟的姨妈。当然,不能是亲姨妈;若然,彭玉麟竟乱伦,那还了得。据罗尔纲考证,这位女子名竹宾,是玉麟外婆的养女,曾带着小玉麟四处“嬉戏”;1831年,二人分别;1843年,竹宾随养母来衡阳,姨侄再见,不久,竹宾嫁人;1847年,竹宾难产死。若是时间、人物、事件就这么对上了,再加上玉麟写过的暧昧诗句,庶几可说,梅痴爱“熟女”的野史堪足升级为玉麟的婚外情信史。

可惜,罗尔纲错了。据玉麟撰其母《行状》,竹姨来湘,在1845年,而直到1852年其母逝世,竹姨仍在人世。可知,只有1831年二人分手是事实,其他两个年份都错了。然而,错不要紧,重要的是找出错的原因。若从罗尔纲提示的逻辑来说,玉麟的《行状》与诗作互有矛盾,人的记性不会随时可靠,则孰对孰错,犹有可辩。只是,他的逻辑大有问题,与玉麟的记性无关。因为,他的逻辑建立在两组诗所怀念的是同一个人的基础上,若不能确证是同一个人(更不要说确证都是怀念竹姨),则上揭1884-37-4-12=1831的等式无法成立。然而,罗文没有一句话论证二诗所怀是同一人。不是他疏忽,而是,他没有证据。但是,没有证据,制造证据也要上,于是,他才造出一段毫不可信的野史。

至于究竟梅痴有没有婚外恋,爱不爱熟女?这依然是个问题。尽管李、罗的考证都不合格,鄙见仍以为有,惟所用证据与前贤殊异。来日方长,容俟後叙。

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