写在状纸边上·二虎的面子

2008年3月30日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

《投名状》惟一女角，名唤莲生，自谓出身“扬州瘦马”。按，“瘦马”即雏妓，典出白居易诗“莫养瘦马驹，莫教小妓女”；而在清代，扬州为风月胜地，以此，称“扬州瘦马”，可显出虽是妓女身份，档次却不同流俗。“瘦马”养成，有出外谋生计者，称为“扬帮”（合苏、沪等地，则称“南帮”），所去的地方以通都大邑为多，如首都，如武昌，如广州。然自湘军战胜太平天囯，原本僻处内陆的湖南托了回乡将士的福，省会长沙的经济尤其是饮食娱乐业大为发展，标志性事件除了“无宴不海菜”（谓鲍鱼、燕窝之类）之外，便是城中妓馆自扬州、苏州引进人力资源，狠狠赶了一回“时尚”。即此可见“扬州瘦马”的崇高地位。只可惜剧中人的妆饰、表演，阨于导演的规划，太过憨朴，适如王韬论“北帮”（指清末京、津一带的妓女）所说：“实事求是，悃愊无华”（《燕台评春录》）——译作当时行话，则是“床笫外无技能，偎抱外无酬酢”（《清稗类钞》）也。遂致南北倒置，“歪曲”了历史，可叹。
又据金天羽、张相文为张文祥作的传记（分见《天放楼续文言》、《南园丛稿》），并未明指曹二虎之妻出身妓籍。按，张文祥是历史人物，对应的剧中人是姜午阳；他与曹二虎、马新贻（即庞青雲）结拜兄弟，排行老三。当然，曹妻与庞青雲通奸的剧情，则未歪曲“历史”——也有一些记载说文祥“刺马”并非为兄弟报仇，而另有原因。只是，传记所载通奸的经过与电影不同。今谨综合金、张的记述，对这桩风化事件作一个说明。
当新贻落难之时，并没机会见到虎嫂。虎嫂初见新贻，实在新贻成功策反二虎、文祥之後。其时，新贻任安徽布政使，已解散了山字营，二虎随他赴任，并将家眷接到省城，暂时寄居新贻的官署。据云：“新贻官既贵，渐耻与贼相伯仲”；也就是说，人一阔，脸就变。文祥敏感，发见马哥情意转淡，即欲离去，并劝二虎一块儿走。二虎迟钝，犹疑不决。文祥不忍抛下这个傻兄弟，只好留下与他一起耗着。怎奈新贻对兄弟的情意淡，对兄弟老婆的情意很浓，于是，“迫（虎妻）而私之”，且时不时借着公务令二虎出差，以便与虎妻通奸，“俨然同媵妾矣”。日久天长，奸情为文祥发觉，他尚未如剧中那么鲁莽，径直杀了嫂子，而是向二虎举报。二虎初闻犹不信，待到跟踪了几回，才认领这顶绿帽，然又胆小，不敢直斥新贻不讲义气，只能独个儿生闷气。文祥开导他，说，别郁闷了，这还算是你老婆么？既然奸夫淫妇情投意合，“不如弃之”，咱哥俩早日离开这个是非之地，走为上罢。二虎同意了，但不知哪根筋不对，却“迁延不即行”。孰知本夫能忍，奸夫却不能忍，一日，新贻借口二虎通匪，将他“就地正法”，旋将虎妻收为姨太太。文祥听得兄弟惨死，偷偷将他葬了，“痛哭别去”，自此，隐姓埋名，“锻精铁为匕首，日夜砺之，淬以药，誓必剚刃新贻”。终于同治九年七月二十六日，在南京将已升任两江总督的新贻刺死。此後，虎妻在马公馆自杀，其家秘不发丧，将尸体埋在後花园。
此与剧中午阳先杀莲生、二虎至死不知老婆偷人，大有出入。然清代官书记叙新贻之死，并未言及新贻勾引人妻，只说文祥在浙江交通海盗，因新贻主持捕盗，弄的他家破妻逃，“以是挟仇”，遂“丧心病狂”刺杀总督（《清史稿》）。电影与官书，在这一点上，倒是异曲同工，照顾了二虎的面子。泉下有知，二虎或应讲一句，谢谢包涵。

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