失态的谈话

2008年12月19日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:


foto by JURA
自1895年3月20日，李鸿章作为大清国钦差头等全权大臣，与日本国内阁总理大臣伊藤博文、外务大臣陆奥宗光在日本马关春帆楼进行了五次谈判，至4月17日，双方签订条约，为甲午战争划下句号。条约主要内容为：清廷承认朝鲜为独立国家；清廷将辽东与台湾割与日本；清廷向日本赔偿二亿两军费。
毫无疑问，这是丧权辱国的条约。但是，自清末以来，有一种意见，将主持谈判的李鸿章视为丧权辱国的汉奸，并非公允的判断。他与伊藤、陆奥的谈话内容，俱载《马关议和中之伊李问答》，可以看出，他身处十分尴尬的地位，仍与对方反复辩难，不愿放弃任何“争得一分有一分之益”的机会，作为谈判者来说，决非渎职。而与他谈判的对手，亦能体谅他的苦衷，陆奥回忆当时情景，说：“他不像古稀以上的老翁（时年七十三岁），身躯魁伟，语言爽朗，我觉得曾国藩说他的仪表谈吐足以服人这句话，诚非虚言。不过此次使命却使他完全立于不利的地位”（《蹇蹇录》）；诚然，再如何德高望重，再如何谈吐不俗，面对城下之盟，除了屈服更无别的应手。
日方开列割地赔款的清单，表面上允许清方代表商议，实则不容商议。选项只有两个：同意，则签约停战；不同意，则续行侵略。而清方“最有效的讨价还价筹码不是它所剩下的陆海军力量，而是一个日本狂热分子对李鸿章的伤害而使日本人感到的内疚”（《剑桥中国晚清史》）。然而，这个“筹码”——3月24日，李鸿章被日本人小山丰太郎开枪击中左颧——的分量并不重，只是促成日方宣布停战二十一日而已，对于合约条款的修订则毫无效用。其时，李鸿章之子经方随父赴日，在其父受创后致电总理衙门，云：“中堂（谓鸿章）不幸，大清举国之大幸，此后和款必易商办”；今日看来，真是一句极具讽刺性的梦呓。
五次谈话，以最后一次的篇幅为最长，然而所谈皆是琐细。陆奥说，“（鸿章）从没有像今天这样不惜费尽唇舌进行辩论”，但是，他知道大局已定，日方提出的条件必须全盘接受，“所以在本日的会谈中只是在枝节问题上斤斤计较不已”，甚至“向伊藤全权哀求，以此少许之减额（二千万两）赠作归国的旅费。此种举动，从他的地位来说，不无失态”。
其实，早在甲午战争以前，李鸿章即已“失态”。当时，清廷有所谓“清流”言官，专与“浊流”领袖李鸿章作对；而把持户部的翁同龢则以私人恩怨，时刻为难李鸿章；李鸿章建设北洋海军，便处处掣肘。及至临战，“明知北洋一隅之力不敌日本一国之力，且一切皆未预备，何能出师”（《秋浦周尚书自订年谱》）？不战，是汉奸；战败求和，亦是汉奸。对此，李鸿章纵有天大本事，也只能“失态”。
当然，失态的人绝不仅一个李鸿章，失态的时代也绝不仅一个晚清。即如当时战胜的日本，日后战败，亦不免失态。作为读史者，不妨体谅昔人所以失态之故，而尽量杜绝未来失态之因。

发表评论
  1. pandoraoutletsingapore.oskipictures.com
    2014年2月18日17:48
    引用 | #1
  2. piumini moncler uomo
    2014年2月18日18:11
    引用 | #2

    He tells the amount of money of which health supplements their wage on the Ough.S. Division associated with Homes and concrete Growth will pay for your vehicle’s upkeep charges and enables them rationalise trying to keep the idea. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=184]www.facultati.biz/?p=184[/url]
    will need superior techniques, like plainly defined jobs, [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=94]burberry replica shirts[/url]
    Many of us driven a hardcore great buy, stated Manley. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=139]burberry belts replica[/url]
    Newton took over on the 35 without timeouts still left. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=23]burberry replica[/url]
    below which can be throughout regular use anywhere else. My partner and i, myself, happen to be [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=82]burberry skirt[/url]
    tomato-y soup, nevertheless remarkably quiet flavor for any soups that has been, because the cashier/server [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=200]online burberry outlet[/url]
    Behaving 101 (Age ranges 7-17) Tuesdays Jan. Seven – 28 (6-7pm) [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=149]replica burberry fabric[/url]
    The actual Mohave County Library in River Havasu City offers a course which is built to enhance the pre-reading expertise involving babies and toddlers. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=158]cheap burberry shirts[/url]
    Breast cancers Unexpected emergency Fund

  3. louis vuitton schal
    2014年2月18日18:27
    引用 | #3

    Through the mid-1930s towards the 1970’s, she was movie star personified. [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=185]authentic designer handbags[/url]
    This governor ersus 180-page finances summary cites group fads that will solely enhance the complication regarding developing finances. coach scarf
    ?A wide range of folks appear in and so are on the 50 investment capital goal,? the woman explained. ?People touring the land along with viewing each and every talk about investment capital. I think that?s recommended your decide one I do think at some point would be a number of pleasurable to start out unaccompanied. Whenever people pay a visit to using their company states, I receive to find out a little bit in regards to the tradition of the claim that accocunts for your Ough.Ohydrates.? coach madison sabrina
    Produce 2 pies [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=127]http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=127[/url]
    program in San diego, ca is situated in a very overflow plain nearly,” Beckner mentioned. [url=http://www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=169]www.wvje.org/pictue.php?id=169[/url]
    Pitbull’s coach outlet online
    971 W. Hwy 92  coach online store
    The bear’s paths criss-crossed the way double just before evaporating back into the woodlands towards Revine Stream.

  4. moncler herren
    2014年2月18日18:32
    引用 | #4

    process. [url=http://www.ugges.us/classic-c-2_22/]cheap uggs[/url]
    a alarm is triggered,Inch operator Gloria Mack claimed. “I received in the office [url=http://www.canadagooseoutlet.se/canada-goose-yorkville-bomber-c-1_7/]Canada Goose Yorkville Bomber[/url]
    Philip Moore [url=http://www.monclerjackenoutlets.de/moncler-damen-c-1/]moncler jacken[/url]
    Any 36-year-old Yellow sand City guy was slain delayed On the as soon as his / her vehicle reprehended in to a core typical upon Interstate Tips and became airborne. Coach Outlet
    Katia’s Russian language Tea leaf Area louis vuitton outlet
    Dun Bradstreet states that the idea hasn to been recently doing nothing. Many of us greater than quadrupled each of our investment in information as well as analytics, in the past few years, claimed Chris Deb. Ballew, senior citizen v . p ., chief files measurements officer in addition to chief economist with Dun Bradstreet. mulberry sale
    12/28/2013 13:24:43 In the evening MSTUpdated:

  5. woolrich arctic parka
    2014年2月18日19:13
    引用 | #5

    Your staff members is going to study the facts which you present and determine what choices out there. [url=http://www.tspreekpunt.nl/woolrich-kinderjassen/]woolrich kinderjassen[/url]
    Font ResizeBroomfield fracking: Recount finds 5-year ban is the winner by simply 20 votesPro-fracking collection data go well with in opposition to city’s elections divisionBy Megan Quinn Video camera Employees WriterPosted: [url=http://www.verlustfahnder.at/moncler-jacken-outlet/]moncler jacken outlet[/url]
    This is actually the existing fact: The particular hard core worldwide turmoil mentioned 60, Twenty, 10 years ago? The truly great recoil? Merely a possibility. . It can be currently started, you recently never think this nevertheless because we are so goddamn rich we are able to pillow your strike using money plastic cards and cheap overseas labour in addition to oh my gosh Lord this specific artisanal boutique gourmet coffee on $5 one cup is extremely overrated. Although don’t worry that will right now. [url=http://www.redkensalon.it/parka-woolrich/]parka woolrich[/url]
    alia. [url=http://www.rodewayinnpageaz.com/oakley-m-frame/]oakley m frame[/url]
    UAF Club on the University or college of Alaska Fairbanks grounds.

  6. louboutin wedding shoes
    2014年2月18日19:47
    引用 | #6

    Barak utilised their nationally televised deal with for you to state his / her demand The us to accept direct in the world-wide thoroughly clean energy race, leverage your progress your Ough.Ersus. previously has produced to be expanded wind power as well as drive down the price of solar technology. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=33]burberry blue scarf[/url]
    “I attempt to have a look at almost everything as a possible possibility, so I [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=121]replica burberry luggage[/url]
    During 2009, legislation was passed of which permitted Birmingham, al to present eye-catching benefits for you to filmmakers. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=172]burberry outlet factory[/url]
    The actual Conservancy affirms under One particular,1,000 everyone has described filling out any southbound through-hike. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=129]burberry replica scarves[/url]
    Toil marriage productive with Poland’s largest coal agency Kompania W?glowa (KW) chosen Saturday to go into some sort of joint labour contest with the corporation. They will mind the management board’s corporation restructuring plan. [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=173]burberry factory outlet store[/url]
    Regarding data, begin to see the Public teaching and also Studying web site on [url=http://www.facultati.biz/?p=121]replica burberry luggage[/url]
    Quarterfinals: Nov. 18-19

  7. Coach Outlet
    2014年2月18日19:58
    引用 | #7
  8. pmtpqnwez
    2014年2月18日20:06
    引用 | #8

    日知其所亡 » 失态的谈话
    [url=http://www.gz93ccskftk6j9k36d1w46v9k67759f3s.org/]upmtpqnwez[/url]
    apmtpqnwez
    pmtpqnwez http://www.gz93ccskftk6j9k36d1w46v9k67759f3s.org/

  9. christian louboutin volpi
    2014年2月18日20:50
    引用 | #9
  10. beats headphones
    2014年2月18日22:35
    引用 | #10

    THESE beats headphones ARE Extremely Special awesome Amazing AND Attractive!!!!!!!!!!!

评论分页
本文的评论功能被关闭了.