灯 泡

2005年3月21日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

子夜一时起床,出去吃粉回来,本拟看几页书,一拧台灯,瞬闪即灭,原来是灯泡烧掉了。目疾方渐愈,不敢就日光灯看细字,无奈何,拿出昨日新购之越缦堂读史札记全编,为影印本,字大,稍可看。然亦不敢久看,乃将积微翁序打字录入,聊当日课。此灯伴我年馀,届斯去湘入粤之际,无疾而终,盖将以此告别耶?
往者我国学者之治史籍也,有二派焉:其一曰批评,其二曰考证。而二派中又各有二枝:批评之第一枝曰批评史籍,如刘子元、郑渔仲、章实斋之流是也;第二枝曰批评史实,如胡致堂、张天如、王船山之流是也。考证之第一枝曰考证史实,如钱竹汀、洪筠轩之所为是也;其第二枝曰钩稽史实,如赵瓯北、王西庄之所为是也(西庄书至驳杂,自据其一部分言之)。批评史籍,其途差狭,自刘、郑、章外殆不数见,自宋至清初,则批评史实最盛之时期也。清儒治学,恶蹈空,喜徵实,彼惩于批评史实之虚而无当也,故变其道而趋于考证。于是,考证派之两枝,于乾、嘉之际同时并起,而继其後者第一枝为盛。越缦先生者,乃承钱、洪之流而为有清一代之後殿者也。综而论之:考证史实,为事较难而所得反小;钩稽史实,为之者较易而收获反豐。要之,非心思缜密、用力勤至者不能为,二者固无异也。
近者瀛海交通,国人有见于西儒史籍之精密正确,回顾吾国之正史,意以为不足,是固然矣。抑知彼精密正确之史籍者果何自而得之乎?非从彼繁富之史料简练精采而得之者乎!然则吾亦欲得精密正确之史籍如彼者,非从至繁富之史料简练而精采之其不可得亦明矣。若吾国所谓正史者,虽不足以尽史料之全,而为吾国最重要之史料无可疑也;乃从事于此者,第以畏其繁重束之不观,顾徒裨贩他国人所为之吾国史以自足,其偷不已甚乎!呜乎。以最繁重难治之业,而以最苟简之法应之,其无当也宜矣。吾意:士生今日,不欲治史则亦已矣。苟欲治史也,则必先取吾最豐富之史料之正史,审别之,钩稽之;又取前哲之所辛勤积贮如考证派之所为者,利用之,整比之;又益以金石考古之所得及外史之所具,然後,精密正确之史渐可冀也。若舍先哲遗留之田土置之不耕,徒卤莽灭裂乞灵于外人,于学固无所得,而其有愧于钱、洪、王、赵、越缦诸先生殷殷稽考之功亦已甚矣。
余读越缦先生读史札记,感而书此,世有达者,或不河汉余言乎。民国二十年一月十四日长沙杨树达书。

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