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或云湘乡殿试在三甲之列,遂无缘入馆,因穆彰阿之力,乃为庶吉士。其实不然。姚元之《竹叶亭杂记》卷二:新进士殿甲後,朝考最重,盖庶常之得否,只争朝考入选与否耳。其入选有不用庶吉士者,或其省入选人多,不能全用。如甲戌科浙江省入选者十二人,用庶常者九人,其三人则一部两即用。其不入选者而得授庶吉士,必其省或有全不入选,或有而太少,故不入选者亦得邀用一二人。每科朝考约取七、八十人。道光壬午朝考,取六十五人,拟定名次进呈。上抑第一名王煜为第三,抑第四名陈宪曾置于末,第五名陈嘉树为四十九名,馀皆前后更易,家弟柬之以二十一名改五十三名,取第六十名许冠瀛为第一,复于不入选者钦取七人,第二名杨上容即初不入选者也。及引见时,上但视其人之可否而已,不论朝考入选与否也。朝考入选而年轻者授庶吉士,其有鬚者俱即用知县,盖以其岁长可外任也。此榜庶常三十九人,只张少寇映汉之侄一人有鬚耳。其朝考不入选而年最幼者以部属用。上洞悉各部人员拥挤,补缺实难,以年轻者足以学习需补也。是科用部属者十七人,用知县者一百五十二人。虽三甲末俱邀录用,未有如此之盛者也。其已有职官者,向俱尽先补用,此次俱归班。蒙古郭络硕瑚以候补主事归班,直隶殿试二甲、朝考入选之徐青照以捐纳同知衔充馆上誊录归班,河南第一名王庭兰以候补中书归班。壬午科广东朝考入选者惟张进士维屏一人。张素善诗,殿试得二甲,朝考入选,自幸可冀庶吉士,及引见,张以知县用。曾君望颜殿试三甲,朝考未入选,乃得庶常按此与湘乡入馆类。是固有幸有不幸也。张盖亦为鬚累矣。
二
汪辟疆《读常见书斋小记》:湘人彭晓山藏独山莫友芝《湘武记》稿本二巨册,凡六卷。卷一、《城守篇》、《东征湖北篇》一、《东征安徽篇》二。卷二、《东征南京篇》三、《东征江苏篇》四。卷三、《水师篇》、《浙江篇》。卷四、《临淮篇》、《援江西篇》、《援广西篇》。卷五、《援贵州篇》、《防御篇》、《川陕篇》。卷六、《平捻篇》、《营制篇》、《筹饷篇》。标目与湘潭王闿运《湘军志》多从同。王书共十四篇,莫书为篇十六;惟莫书卷六《营制篇》、《筹饷篇》,王书省去,将此二事分散于各篇之中,不另立篇目;卷五之《防御篇》亦然。其馀莫书卷一、卷二之《东征湖北篇》、《东征安徽篇》、《东征南京篇》、《东征江苏篇》四篇,王书则别立《曾军篇》、《江西篇》、《曾军後篇》、《江西後篇》,标目略殊,所记则并出莫书也。此外篇目,二家悉同,而叙事亦多相类,但莫记质实,王则润以文藻。是王书出于郘亭无疑也。李肖耼《湘军志》提要云:世又有《湘武记》,托名为朱克敬所作,人间无刻本,其稿今藏湖南大学。氏著《星庐笔记》则云:萧豹文于芜湖买得《湘武记》一册,托名为莫友芝撰,而其文与朱《志》一字无异。
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黄濬《花随人圣盦摭忆》:缪小山《雲自在堪笔记》所述康熙时诸汉臣相讦相轧事至详,而未言所本。後迺知小山所本为李榕村日记。榕村日记无刊行者,淸史馆有抄本。缪所录中,有一段极饶意义者,为李光地与施琅语,纵谈及海上顺治十六年攻南京事。李云,当时若海冦不围城池,扬帆直上,天下岌岌乎殆哉!施笑曰,直前,是矣。请问君何往?从何处而前?予无以应。移时又促之,云,从何处往前?李曰,或从江淮,或趋山东,奈何?施曰,此便大坏。何言之。直前,纵一路无阻,即抵京师,本朝兵势尙强,决一死斗。兵家用所长,不用所短。海冦之陆战,其所短者,计所有不过万人。能以不习陆战之万人,而敌精于陆战之数十万人乎?不过一霎时,便可无噍类矣。试看汉高祖、唐太宗、明太祖,那样谋臣猛将,亦无不顾形势而径前者也。须有一定算计,先有安身处,渐渐再行去。李爽然自失,曰,然则奈何?施曰,不顾南京,直取荆襄,以其声威,扬帆直过,决无与敌者。彼闭城不出,吾置之不论。彼若通款,与一空剳,羇縻之。遇小船则毁之,遇大船则帯之。有领兵降者,以我兵分配彼兵,散与各将而用之。得了荆襄,呼召滇粤三逆籓,与之连结,摇动江以南,以挠官军,则祸甚于今日矣。
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