补 白

2007年7月22日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

blog开天窗，也不雅观。然无文章可帖，琐事又不便扰人，只好帖三段笔记与各位师友分享。
一
或云湘乡殿试在三甲之列，遂无缘入馆，因穆彰阿之力，乃为庶吉士。其实不然。姚元之《竹叶亭杂记》卷二：新进士殿甲後，朝考最重，盖庶常之得否，只争朝考入选与否耳。其入选有不用庶吉士者，或其省入选人多，不能全用。如甲戌科浙江省入选者十二人，用庶常者九人，其三人则一部两即用。其不入选者而得授庶吉士，必其省或有全不入选，或有而太少，故不入选者亦得邀用一二人。每科朝考约取七、八十人。道光壬午朝考，取六十五人，拟定名次进呈。上抑第一名王煜为第三，抑第四名陈宪曾置于末，第五名陈嘉树为四十九名，馀皆前后更易，家弟柬之以二十一名改五十三名，取第六十名许冠瀛为第一，复于不入选者钦取七人，第二名杨上容即初不入选者也。及引见时，上但视其人之可否而已，不论朝考入选与否也。朝考入选而年轻者授庶吉士，其有鬚者俱即用知县，盖以其岁长可外任也。此榜庶常三十九人，只张少寇映汉之侄一人有鬚耳。其朝考不入选而年最幼者以部属用。上洞悉各部人员拥挤，补缺实难，以年轻者足以学习需补也。是科用部属者十七人，用知县者一百五十二人。虽三甲末俱邀录用，未有如此之盛者也。其已有职官者，向俱尽先补用，此次俱归班。蒙古郭络硕瑚以候补主事归班，直隶殿试二甲、朝考入选之徐青照以捐纳同知衔充馆上誊录归班，河南第一名王庭兰以候补中书归班。壬午科广东朝考入选者惟张进士维屏一人。张素善诗，殿试得二甲，朝考入选，自幸可冀庶吉士，及引见，张以知县用。曾君望颜殿试三甲，朝考未入选，乃得庶常按此与湘乡入馆类。是固有幸有不幸也。张盖亦为鬚累矣。

二
汪辟疆《读常见书斋小记》：湘人彭晓山藏独山莫友芝《湘武记》稿本二巨册，凡六卷。卷一、《城守篇》、《东征湖北篇》一、《东征安徽篇》二。卷二、《东征南京篇》三、《东征江苏篇》四。卷三、《水师篇》、《浙江篇》。卷四、《临淮篇》、《援江西篇》、《援广西篇》。卷五、《援贵州篇》、《防御篇》、《川陕篇》。卷六、《平捻篇》、《营制篇》、《筹饷篇》。标目与湘潭王闿运《湘军志》多从同。王书共十四篇，莫书为篇十六；惟莫书卷六《营制篇》、《筹饷篇》，王书省去，将此二事分散于各篇之中，不另立篇目；卷五之《防御篇》亦然。其馀莫书卷一、卷二之《东征湖北篇》、《东征安徽篇》、《东征南京篇》、《东征江苏篇》四篇，王书则别立《曾军篇》、《江西篇》、《曾军後篇》、《江西後篇》，标目略殊，所记则并出莫书也。此外篇目，二家悉同，而叙事亦多相类，但莫记质实，王则润以文藻。是王书出于郘亭无疑也。李肖耼《湘军志》提要云：世又有《湘武记》，托名为朱克敬所作，人间无刻本，其稿今藏湖南大学。氏著《星庐笔记》则云：萧豹文于芜湖买得《湘武记》一册，托名为莫友芝撰，而其文与朱《志》一字无异。

三
黄濬《花随人圣盦摭忆》：缪小山《雲自在堪笔记》所述康熙时诸汉臣相讦相轧事至详，而未言所本。後迺知小山所本为李榕村日记。榕村日记无刊行者，淸史馆有抄本。缪所录中，有一段极饶意义者，为李光地与施琅语，纵谈及海上顺治十六年攻南京事。李云，当时若海冦不围城池，扬帆直上，天下岌岌乎殆哉！施笑曰，直前，是矣。请问君何往？从何处而前？予无以应。移时又促之，云，从何处往前？李曰，或从江淮，或趋山东，奈何？施曰，此便大坏。何言之。直前，纵一路无阻，即抵京师，本朝兵势尙强，决一死斗。兵家用所长，不用所短。海冦之陆战，其所短者，计所有不过万人。能以不习陆战之万人，而敌精于陆战之数十万人乎？不过一霎时，便可无噍类矣。试看汉高祖、唐太宗、明太祖，那样谋臣猛将，亦无不顾形势而径前者也。须有一定算计，先有安身处，渐渐再行去。李爽然自失，曰，然则奈何？施曰，不顾南京，直取荆襄，以其声威，扬帆直过，决无与敌者。彼闭城不出，吾置之不论。彼若通款，与一空剳，羇縻之。遇小船则毁之，遇大船则帯之。有领兵降者，以我兵分配彼兵，散与各将而用之。得了荆襄，呼召滇粤三逆籓，与之连结，摇动江以南，以挠官军，则祸甚于今日矣。

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