应 景

2008年1月19日 | 分类: 未分类 | 标签:

七朝诗与史 一个伤心人
王闿运一生,经历七个朝代。清代道光十三年,他降生;咸丰七年,他中举;同治十年,撰《圆明园词》;光绪七年,成《湘军志》;宣统三年,特授翰林院侍讲;中华民国五年,逝世。然屈指一数,只有六种纪年,哪来的七个朝代?原来,咸、同之间,还有一个短命的祺祥纪年。
咸丰十一年七月,清文宗临殁,命八位大臣辅佐幼主(穆宗),直至成年,史称“顾命八大臣”,旋订明年纪元为“祺祥”。当时,皇太后有两位,一是正宫娘娘(孝贞),一是小皇帝的生母(孝钦)。她们联合文宗之弟恭亲王发动政变,于是年十月,处死八大臣中的载垣、端华与肃顺,夺取了政权。随即定下“垂帘听政”之制,并废除祺祥年号,改元同治。因此,祺祥这个年号,尚未启用,即告终结,实在短命得很。
短命的祺祥纪年,对闿运来说,意义重大。因为,八大臣中掌握实权的肃顺,与他的关系极不寻常。肃顺被当作“大奸”处死,已成惊弓之鸟的闿运犹未噤声,云:“人诋逆臣,我自府主”——肃顺是好人是坏人?我不关心,我只知道他是我的老板。史载,肃顺是一个极有才能的人,他对寄生的既得利益阶级与低效的官僚体系深致痛恨,一旦大权在握,乃锐意革新。他不恤人言,不顾退路,所行改革,其幅度之大(削减旗民福利)、手段之猛(因科场弊案,力主判处大学士柏葰死刑)与理路之新(重用汉人,一变清代二百年来重满抑汉的传统),令天下人啧啧称奇。而重用汉人之事,如青睐郭嵩焘、为左宗棠释谤、大力支持胡林翼与曾国藩建设湘军,皆与闿运建言有关。而闿运能以新进少年身份,从容游历湘军各大营,备受统帅尊崇,亦得益于他对肃顺的影响力。当他听到太后、亲王将不利于肃顺的消息,紧急致书曾国藩,劝他率兵入京,“申明祖制”(制止垂帘听政),维持“亲贤并用”(亲谓恭王,贤谓肃顺)的局面。无奈国藩“得书不报”,由此未能改变历史,闿运多年以後思及此事,仍不禁“太息痛恨”。直到民国初年,胜朝故事不必讳言,闿运乃撰《祺祥故事》,将二后一王篡权的真相公之于众,兼为含冤的“府主”恢复名誉。
祺祥政变,改变了闿运一生的走向。世传他有“帝王术”,非谓他有“帝王思想”,而是说他自诩具备“应帝王”的才能,能作“帝王师”。要实现这个理想,缺了肃顺不行。因为,肃顺倘能顺利“顾命”,自能大力影响穆宗;闿运对肃顺有影响,则亦能间接影响穆宗。肃顺是闿运成为“帝王师”的唯一途径。肃顺被杀,则此路不通,以此,闿运自撰挽联,云:“纵横计不就,空留馀咏满江山”。
“馀咏”二字,谓闿运没当成“帝王师”,终以文豪身份名世。他是近代诗坛“湖湘派”的巨擘(汪辟疆),也是近代文坛惟一“尽雅”的作家(章炳麟语),至于《湘军志》,更是希踪两汉、文质彬彬的大手笔。只是,对闿运来说,这不过是满腹“纵横”之才无处展布,退而求其次,以边脚“馀”料换来的浅斟低唱而已,何足道哉。

  1. 2013年11月28日09:17

    日知其所亡 » 应 景
    dzzdjphfv http://www.g1×500yxko20z2lw1wz3l73c765tx12js.org/
    adzzdjphfv
    [url=http://www.g1x500yxko20z2lw1wz3l73c765tx12js.org/]udzzdjphfv[/url]

  2. 2013年11月28日10:31
  3. 2013年11月28日11:05

    bottes ugg la redoutemanteau canada goose usagésugg bottes-pas cher avisugg paris boutiqueprix ugg en franceugg classic short camelugg australia en francegrossiste uggugg jimmy choo franceavis bottes ugguggs pas cher ebayugg americamagasin ugg paris 16bottes neige femme fourréessite bottes ugg pas cherbotte uggs pas cherbottes ugg jimmy choougg australia classic cardypas cher ugg femmesbottes-imitation-uggbotte ugg promotionacheter bottes uggs parisbottes uggs femmesugg prix d usineugg bailey button bomberbottes fourrées style uggtong ugg pas cherbottes neige femme intersportchausson uggchausson uggugg pas cher suissebotte ugg beigemagasin ugg parisugg soldeugg bottes acheterugg saleprix ugg cardyprix des ugg a londresugg occasionugg button short

  4. 2013年11月28日11:43

    bottes ugg la redouteugg-bottes-uggchaussures ugg menugg canadatrouver bottes uggsbottes ugg en promougg paris priceugg roxy tallshould i wear uggs in parisugg shopbottes ugg moins cherpromo ugg femmesgrossiste ugg francefrance-uggugg ugg bottesugg prix suisseugg bottes cuirbottes fourrées femme uggbottes ugg femme pas cherprix ugg geneveles botte uggbotte ugg a vendredes bottes uggsugg acheter francevente de ugg en franceugg bottes imitationacheter imitations uggugg bottes frimitation ugg australiaboutique uggs parisuggs france boutiqueugg-bottes-uggugg ugg bottesugg mini classicugg australianboutique ugg a parisugg lafayette parisbotte ugg boutique parisbottes fourrées uggsboutique qui vend ugg paris

  5. 2013年11月28日12:26

    A lot of so nowadays, We shall assume your own day-to-day, Just how it exposed to us much more seemed to be to wwithin thes a man or woman..

    锘?a href=”http://www.greenbaypackersfansshop.com/”>green bay packers jersey

  6. 2013年11月28日13:54

    “Have you come to study American manners?” the blue eyes and dark hair went on.
    スニーカー 価格

  7. 2013年11月28日15:30

    I instruct elementary school so it is really excellent in order to wear my moncler jacka all day then head out for recess responsibility rather than have to transform sneakers. They are great and supportive.

  8. 2013年11月28日15:31

    purple bailey ugg bootsugg australia classic short pinkgrey ugg boots size 7ugg kids bailey button youth greypurple bailey button ugg bootsvivid pink ugg bootsbailey button ugg boots ukugg women’s adirondack boot ii sandblue ugg boots womenblack ugg earmuffscheap ugg boots ukchestnut ugg boots shortgenuine ugg boots uk salegrey tall ugg bootspink ugg boots with bowstall grey ugg boots saleugg bailey button chestnut saleugg classic short boot greyugg classic short greyugg classic tall 5815 chestnutannonce fausse canada gooseuggs boots uk salecanada goose outlet montrealgoose parkacanada goose francemanteau homme canada goosecanada goose salecanada goose sans manche femmecanada goose femme soldegant canada goosecasque lazer dragon taille s ou xscanada goose usadistributeur canada goose francecanada goose expedition clothing outfittersacheter canada goose new yorkrecherche fausse canada gooseguide achat canada goosemanteau canada goose femme pas chercanada goosgrand parka goose
    brown ugg boots on sale http://loniaka.com/#ivuois
    brown ugg boots on sale

  9. 2013年11月28日15:54

    We’ve dreamed of those oreo 5s for a long time along with after you have a totally new occupation, making more revenue, I was able to last of all make a case for doing it. Now I wish I saw it crafted the cost far sooner! I experienced a pair of knock-offs plus they are merely because great because substantial oreo 5s. These oreo 5s are so incredibly designer, nice fashionable! Cannot not work out with them.

  10. 2013年12月3日09:49

    magasin canada goose quebec manteau cuir homme canada goose femme solde vestes cuir homme redskins acheter doudoune canada goose canada goose contrefacon veste canada goose homme canada goose expé occasion acheter une fausse canada goose canada goose noire vestes peaux lainées canada goose chilliwack pas cher points vente uggs paris canada goose femme occasion gant canada goose doudoune canada goose m bottes ugg mini manteau canada goose pas cher montreal hello kitty doudoune pas cher ugg classic short sparkles canada goose vêtements vestes cuir homme 2012 doudoune canada goose homme prix manteau canada goose femme pas cher doudoune canada goose paris canada goose france canada goose victoria canada goose soldes canada goose store canada goose doudoune longue parka canada goose canada goose trillium doudoune canada goose neuf vestes cuir homme 2012 canada goose solde grand parka goose acheter canada goose en ligne ugg prix suisse grand parka goose canada goose femme prix.

评论分页
本文的评论功能被关闭了.