写在状纸边上·攻城闲话
天下文章一大抄,这话有几分道理。电影呢?也差不多。抄没问题,就看是“窃意”还是“窃句”。窃意这件事儿,耍得好,可以脱胎换骨,点石成金。窃句,则终归格调不高,往往生吞活剥,一不小心就拍成“喜剧片”。
粗一看,《投名状》似乎在向两种类型的电影致敬,一是香港黑帮片,一是好莱坞战争片。只是,传统中国的政治运作远比弹丸之地的蛊惑仔游戏复杂,罗马军团的方阵战法实在不适用于十九世纪冷、热兵器杂用的复杂局面。非要古为今用,声东击西,难免致敬其名,露怯其实,顾头不顾腚,令人笑来。今且不论紫禁城与外省的政治互动究应如何揭示,也不分析舒城之郊的空手入大炮是否可能,单说苏州城的攻与防。
从画面上看,山字营绕着城墙挖出战壕,士兵挤满壕内,便围住了苏州。战壕与城墙之间,是一片逼仄的平地,零星布设几架障碍物。试问,如此布置,城内的人要冲出来,城外的人要打进去,很难么?还是看看当日指挥战役的李鸿章与实际作战的戈登(C. G. Gordon,1833—85)怎么描述的吧。
李鸿章的叙述比较宏观,他说,太湖之水流经胥门与盘门,绕至娄门,往复数道,成为护卫苏州的天然防线。太平军沿岸构筑一道由土石组成的“长城”,自南而北,“一望无际”。“长城”以内,“石垒土营,比比皆是”。淮军无法近前,只能与太平军“夹河对垒”,依仗“西洋开花大炮”的威力,频繁轰击。
戈登率领“洋枪队”,负责攻击娄门外的“长城”——这也是苏州布防“尤高且坚”的一段工事。他说,土丘(即“长城”)上炮台林立,山坡密布短竹桩,坡前挖有三道壕沟,深约三米,壕沿遍插尖锐的竹签和铁钉,壕外则竖立着一长列的围桩。1863年11月26日,在炮兵连的火力支援下,戈登发动夜袭。他的作战风格是“奋不顾身”,“站在最前列”,而且,“从不携带武器,甚至当他带头冲进敌军阵地缺口时也是如此”。他只是挥舞一根藤杖,临阵调度,这根藤杖被士兵称为“魔杖”——“尽管比任何士兵更加目标暴露,他却从未负过伤”。然而,潇洒的戈登遇到了劲敌。“当夜,慕王(即苏州守将谭绍光)像普通士兵一样,没有穿上鞋袜,赤脚奋勇作战”,在他指挥下,太平军进行了精准、猛烈的反击,虽然死伤惨重,最终还是击退了戈登。然而,堡垒往往从内部攻破,慕王能抗住戈登,却不能消弭太平军内部的离心离德。经此一役,城内早萌异志的王爷、“天将”们坚定了投降的信念,七天后,他们谋杀了慕王,献城乞降。此外,还有一件诡异的事。当慕王被刺那天,他曾命令法国参谋(太平军中也有外国“志愿军”)起草一封密函,寄与戈登,请求安排“私人会晤”——“可能慕王自己也在考虑提出投降的条件”。
可以设想,光着脚的天囯慕王PK手执藤杖的英国少校,这个场景肯定比穿棉袄的刘德华抱住一位长发男跌入水池来得有趣。更可以设想,山字营倘若扔掉馒头发动大炮对准苏州“长城”一通狂炸,当远较龟缩壕内望城兴叹的画面来得精彩。若还能运用电影语言揭露城内城外的人借助“第三种力量”(各国“志愿军”)进行沟通谋求妥协的微妙状况,则不仅触及事物之表,尤能探及人心之深。何况,这不仅是追求视听之娱,更能借此表现攻城确实给守军带来压力,锻炼了人性,显微了欲望,从而为接下来守军投降作出自然的铺垫。
史事发展,入情合理,根本毋庸劳动编剧抓耳挠腮瞎扯淡,而竟舍此他求,直是何苦来哉。
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日知其所亡 » 写在状纸边上·攻城闲话
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